Avogadro's Number Calculator
Convert between moles, particles, and mass using Avogadro's constant (6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹)
Calculate Using Avogadro's Number
Amount of substance in moles
Type of particles being counted
Calculation Results
Calculation Details
Formula: Particles = Moles × Avogadro's Number
Calculation: 0.000e+0 mol × 6.022e+23 = 0.000e+0 molecules
Avogadro's Constant: 6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹ (exact value)
Scale:
Quantity Analysis
Example Calculation
Water Molecules Example
Question: How many molecules are in 2 moles of water (H₂O)?
Given: 2 moles of H₂O
Find: Number of molecules
Avogadro's Number: 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Step-by-Step Solution
Step 1: Apply formula: Particles = Moles × Avogadro's Number
Step 2: Calculate: Molecules = 2 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Step 3: Result: 1.204 × 10²⁴ molecules
Answer: 2 moles of water contains 1.204 × 10²⁴ molecules
Scale: This is a macroscopic quantity - larger than Avogadro's number!
Particle Scales
Microscopic
< 10¹² particles
Single molecules
Submicroscopic
10¹² - 10¹⁸ particles
Microanalysis
Laboratory
10¹⁸ - 10²¹ particles
Standard experiments
Avogadro Scale
≈ 10²³ particles
Molar quantities
Macroscopic
> 10²⁴ particles
Multiple moles
Common Units
Mole Units
1 mol = 1000 mmol
1 mmol = 1000 μmol
1 μmol = 1000 nmol
Mass Units
1 kg = 1000 g
1 g = 1000 mg
1 mg = 1000 μg
Particle Types
Atoms: Individual elements
Molecules: Compound units
Ions: Charged particles
Key Concepts
Avogadro's Number
6.02214076 × 10²³
Exact SI definition
Mole Definition
Amount containing Avogadro's number of particles
Units
mol⁻¹
Per mole unit
Bridge
Connects atomic scale to laboratory scale
Understanding Avogadro's Number
What is Avogadro's Number?
Avogadro's number (6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹) is a fundamental constant that defines the number of particles in one mole of any substance. It provides the crucial link between the atomic scale and the macroscopic world we can measure.
Why is it Important?
- •Converts between moles and number of particles
- •Essential for stoichiometric calculations
- •Bridges atomic and macroscopic scales
- •Fundamental to understanding chemical quantities
Historical Context
Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856)
Italian physicist and chemist
Proposed Avogadro's Law: equal volumes of gases at same conditions contain equal numbers of particles
Modern Definition (2019)
Exact value: 6.02214076 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Fixed by SI redefinition, no longer measured
Applications
Chemistry, physics, material science
Essential for quantitative analysis