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Combustion Reaction Calculator

Combustion Reaction Calculator

Balance combustion reactions for hydrocarbons and organic compounds automatically

Enter Fuel Composition

Number of carbon atoms in the fuel

Number of hydrogen atoms in the fuel

Number of oxygen atoms in the fuel (0 for hydrocarbons)

Fuel Formula:
Enter atoms
Enter fuel composition

Balanced Combustion Equation

Enter fuel composition to see the balanced combustion equation

Example: Hexane Combustion

Fuel: Hexane (C₆H₁₄)

Carbon atoms (α): 6

Hydrogen atoms (β): 14

Oxygen atoms (γ): 0 (hydrocarbon)

Balancing Steps

1. Balance carbon: b = 6

2. Balance hydrogen: c = 14/2 = 7

3. Balance oxygen: a = 6 + 14/4 - 0/2 = 9.5

4. Multiply by 2 to eliminate decimals

Final: 2C₆H₁₄ + 19O₂ → 12CO₂ + 14H₂O

Common Fuel Examples

Methane

CH₄

Natural gas

Propane

C₃H₈

Propane gas

Octane

C₈H₁₈

Gasoline component

Ethanol

C₂H₆O

Biofuel, alcohol

Methanol

CH₄O

Industrial fuel

Glucose

C₆H₁₂O₆

Biological fuel

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Balancing Rules

Step 1: Carbon

Balance carbon atoms first

b = α

Step 2: Hydrogen

Balance hydrogen atoms

c = β/2

Step 3: Oxygen

Balance oxygen atoms last

a = α + β/4 - γ/2

Step 4: Whole Numbers

Multiply to eliminate fractions

General Formula

Complete Combustion
CₐHᵦOᵧ + aO₂ → bCO₂ + cH₂O
With Air
CₐHᵦOᵧ + a(O₂ + 3.76N₂) → bCO₂ + cH₂O + dN₂
Products

CO₂: Carbon dioxide

H₂O: Water vapor

N₂: Nitrogen (inert)

Combustion Types

Complete
Sufficient oxygen
Products: CO₂ + H₂O
Incomplete
Limited oxygen
Products: CO + H₂O
Stoichiometric
Exact oxygen amount
Maximum efficiency

Understanding Combustion Reactions

What is Combustion?

Combustion is a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant (usually oxygen) that produces heat and light. In complete combustion, organic fuels are converted to carbon dioxide and water vapor.

Key Applications

  • Energy production in power plants
  • Internal combustion engines
  • Industrial heating processes
  • Rocket propulsion systems

Conservation of Mass

Combustion reactions follow Lavoisier's law of conservation of mass. The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products, which is why balancing chemical equations is essential for accurate calculations.

Balancing Procedure

CαHβOγ + aO₂ → bCO₂ + cH₂O

General combustion equation

Balancing Steps

  1. 1. Identify atoms: Count α, β, and γ from molecular formula
  2. 2. Balance carbon: b = α (CO₂ coefficient)
  3. 3. Balance hydrogen: c = β/2 (H₂O coefficient)
  4. 4. Balance oxygen: a = α + β/4 - γ/2 (O₂ coefficient)
  5. 5. Eliminate fractions: Multiply all coefficients by LCM

Tip: Always balance carbon first, then hydrogen, and finally oxygen. This systematic approach ensures accurate results every time.

Types of Fuels and Applications

Hydrocarbons

Pure carbon-hydrogen compounds like methane, propane, and gasoline. Most common fuels for heating and transportation.

Oxygenated Fuels

Contain oxygen atoms in their structure. Examples include alcohols like ethanol and methanol, often used as biofuels.

Biological Fuels

Glucose and other biomolecules that provide energy through combustion in living organisms or can be used as renewable energy sources.

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