Neutralization Calculator
Calculate normality, molarity, and neutralization parameters for acid-base reactions
Calculate Neutralization Parameters
Weight of the acid or base substance
Volume of the dissolving liquid (usually water)
Molecular weight divided by valence
Molecular weight of the substance
Number of H+ or OH- ions per molecule
Neutralization Results
Formulas Used
Normality: N = mass (g) ÷ (volume (L) × equivalent weight (g/eq))
Equivalent Weight: Eq. Wt. = Molecular Weight ÷ Valence
Molarity: M = N ÷ Valence
Neutralization: N₁V₁ = N₂V₂ (for acid-base neutralization)
Example Calculation
Sodium Chloride Solution Example
Goal: Calculate normality of NaCl solution
Given: 3 g of NaCl dissolved in 0.1 L of water
Equivalent weight of NaCl: 58.443 g/eq
Step-by-Step Solution
1. Normality = mass ÷ (volume × equivalent weight)
2. Normality = 3 g ÷ (0.1 L × 58.443 g/eq)
3. Normality = 3 ÷ 5.8443
Result: Normality = 0.5133 N
Common Substances
Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
Eq. Wt: 58.443 g/eq | MW: 58.443 g/mol
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Eq. Wt: 36.458 g/eq | MW: 36.458 g/mol
Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)
Eq. Wt: 49.04 g/eq | MW: 98.08 g/mol
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
Eq. Wt: 40 g/eq | MW: 40 g/mol
Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂)
Eq. Wt: 55.49 g/eq | MW: 110.98 g/mol
Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)
Eq. Wt: 56.106 g/eq | MW: 56.106 g/mol
Nitric Acid (HNO₃)
Eq. Wt: 63.01 g/eq | MW: 63.01 g/mol
Phosphoric Acid (H₃PO₄)
Eq. Wt: 32.66 g/eq | MW: 97.99 g/mol
Neutralization Tips
Normality measures reactive capacity, molarity measures concentration
For acids: valence = number of H+ ions
For bases: valence = number of OH- ions
At neutralization point: N₁V₁ = N₂V₂
Always use consistent units in calculations
Understanding Neutralization Reactions
What is a Neutralization Reaction?
A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water. The essential reaction involves the combination of hydrogen ions (H+) with hydroxyl ions (OH-) to form water molecules (H₂O).
Applications
- •Titration analysis
- •Pharmaceutical preparations
- •Water treatment processes
- •Buffer solution preparation
- •Industrial chemical processes
Key Formulas
N = mass ÷ (volume × equivalent weight)
Equivalent Weight = MW ÷ Valence
N₁V₁ = N₂V₂ (neutralization)
Units and Definitions
- Normality (N): Equivalents per liter (eq/L)
- Molarity (M): Moles per liter (mol/L)
- Equivalent Weight: Grams per equivalent (g/eq)
- Valence: Number of reactive H+ or OH- ions
Remember: Normality considers the reactive capacity, while molarity only considers the number of moles.