Normality Calculator
Calculate normality, mass, volume, and convert between normality and molarity for chemical solutions
Calculate Normality
Mass of the solute dissolved
Equivalent weight (g/eq) = Molecular weight / Valency
Total volume of the solution
Equivalent Weight Calculator
Calculation Results
Calculation Details
Formula: N = mass / (equivalent weight × volume)
Calculation: N = 0g / (0 × 0L) = 0.0000 N
Relationship: Normality = Molarity × Valency
Units: N = eq/L (equivalents per liter)
Concentration level:
Concentration Analysis
Example Calculation
Sodium Bicarbonate Solution Example
Problem: Calculate the normality of 1g sodium bicarbonate (Na₂CO₃) dissolved in 3L of water
Given: Mass = 1g, Volume = 3L
Molecular weight of Na₂CO₃: 105.99 g/mol
Valency: 2 (releases 2 sodium ions)
Step-by-Step Solution
Step 1: Calculate equivalent weight: Eq. wt = 105.99 / 2 = 52.995 g/eq
Step 2: Apply normality formula: N = mass / (equivalent weight × volume)
Step 3: Calculate: N = 1g / (52.995 g/eq × 3L) = 0.006295 eq/L
Step 4: Convert to milliequivalents: 0.006295 × 1000 = 6.295 meq/L
Answer: Normality = 0.006295 N (Very dilute solution)
Normality Scale
Key Formulas
Normality Formula
N = mass/(eq.wt × vol)
N in eq/L, mass in g, volume in L
Equivalent Weight
Eq.wt = MW/valency
Molecular weight divided by n-factor
Normality vs Molarity
N = M × valency
Normality = Molarity × n-factor
Mass Calculation
mass = N × eq.wt × vol
Calculate required solute mass
Common Valencies
Understanding Normality
What is Normality?
Normality (N) is a measure of concentration that relates the number of equivalents of solute to the volume of solution in liters. It's particularly useful in acid-base titrations and redox reactions where the reactive capacity matters more than just the number of moles.
Why is it Important?
- •Essential for titration calculations in analytical chemistry
- •Used in pharmaceutical and medical dosage calculations
- •Important for electrochemical and redox reactions
- •Critical for buffer preparation and pH control
Normality vs. Molarity
Normality (N)
Equivalents of solute per liter of solution
Units: eq/L or N
Molarity (M)
Moles of solute per liter of solution
Units: mol/L or M
Key Relationship
N = M × valency (n-factor)
Normality is always ≥ Molarity