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TDS Calculator

TDS Calculator

Calculate Total Dissolved Solids from electrical conductivity or water chemistry analysis

Calculate Total Dissolved Solids

μS/cm

Measured at 25°C with EC/TDS meter

Typical range: 0.5-0.8 (default: 0.67)

Calculation Methods

From Conductivity: TDS = k × EC (where k = 0.5-0.8, typically 0.67)

From Analysis: TDS = Sum of all anions + Sum of all cations

Units: mg/L = ppm for water (density ≈ 1 g/mL)

Temperature: EC measurements should be at 25°C for accuracy

Example Calculation

Well Water Analysis

Method: Electrical conductivity measurement

EC reading: 800 μS/cm at 25°C

Conversion factor: 0.67 (typical for natural waters)

Calculation

1. Apply formula: TDS = k × EC

2. Substitute values: TDS = 0.67 × 800 μS/cm

3. Calculate: TDS = 536 mg/L

4. Assessment: Good quality drinking water (300-600 mg/L range)

Result: 536 mg/L TDS - Good quality freshwater

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Common Water Examples

Distilled Water

EC: 5 μS/cm, TDS: 3 mg/L

Rainwater

EC: 50 μS/cm, TDS: 34 mg/L

Tap Water (Good)

EC: 400 μS/cm, TDS: 268 mg/L

Well Water

EC: 800 μS/cm, TDS: 536 mg/L

Mineral Water

EC: 1200 μS/cm, TDS: 804 mg/L

Seawater

EC: 50000 μS/cm, TDS: 33500 mg/L

TDS Guidelines

Excellent< 300 mg/L
Good300-600 mg/L
Fair600-900 mg/L
Poor900-1200 mg/L
Unacceptable> 1200 mg/L

TDS Tips

Measure EC at 25°C for accuracy

Calibrate meters regularly

k-factor varies with water composition

For water: mg/L = ppm

Higher TDS affects taste

Understanding Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

What is TDS?

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) refers to the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances dissolved in water. These include minerals, salts, metals, cations, and anions dissolved in a particular volume of water.

Common Sources

  • Natural mineral dissolution from rocks and soil
  • Agricultural runoff and fertilizers
  • Industrial and municipal wastewater
  • Salt water intrusion
  • Urban stormwater runoff

Measurement Methods

Electrical Conductivity

Quick and easy method using EC meters. Formula: TDS = k × EC

Gravimetric Analysis

Most accurate method involving water evaporation and residue weighing

Chemical Analysis

Detailed ion-by-ion analysis summing all dissolved components

Note: EC method is fastest but less accurate than gravimetric analysis.

Water Quality Standards

Drinking Water Classification

Excellent: < 300 mg/L

Low mineral content, very pure

Good: 300-600 mg/L

Acceptable for drinking

Fair: 600-900 mg/L

Still acceptable but high minerals

Poor: 900-1200 mg/L

Not recommended for drinking

Unacceptable: > 1200 mg/L

Unsafe for consumption

Water Type by Salinity

Freshwater< 1,000 mg/L
Brackish water1,000-10,000 mg/L
Saline water10,000-35,000 mg/L
Hypersaline> 35,000 mg/L

Regulatory Standards

  • • WHO: 1,000 mg/L maximum for drinking water
  • • EPA: 500 mg/L recommended, 1,000 mg/L maximum
  • • EU: 1,500 mg/L maximum for drinking water
  • • BIS (India): 500 mg/L desirable, 2,000 mg/L permissible
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