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Vapor Pressure Calculator

Vapor Pressure Calculator

Calculate vapor pressure using Clausius-Clapeyron equation and Raoult's law

Calculate Vapor Pressure

J/mol

Energy required to vaporize one mole of substance

Vapor Pressure Results

0.000
Pa
Final Pressure

Clausius-Clapeyron Equation: ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔH/R) × (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)

Method: Finding pressure at different temperature

Enthalpy Used: 40660 J/mol

Example Calculations

Water Vapor Pressure

Find vapor pressure of water at 80°C

Ethanol Boiling Point

Find boiling point of ethanol at reduced pressure

Glucose Solution

Vapor pressure of glucose in water solution

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Common Substances

Water (H₂O)
ΔH: 40660 J/mol
Ethanol (C₂H₅OH)
ΔH: 38560 J/mol
Benzene (C₆H₆)
ΔH: 30720 J/mol
Acetone (C₃H₆O)
ΔH: 29100 J/mol
Methanol (CH₃OH)
ΔH: 35200 J/mol
Ammonia (NH₃)
ΔH: 23350 J/mol
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)
ΔH: 25200 J/mol
Nitrogen (N₂)
ΔH: 5570 J/mol

Pressure Units

Standard Atmosphere
1 atm = 101,325 Pa
Torr / mmHg
760 Torr = 1 atm
Bar
1 bar = 100,000 Pa
PSI
1 psi = 6,894.76 Pa

Key Concepts

Vapor Pressure
Pressure exerted by vapor molecules in equilibrium
Enthalpy of Vaporization
Energy needed to convert liquid to gas
Mole Fraction
Ratio of moles of component to total moles
Boiling Point
Temperature when vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure

Understanding Vapor Pressure

What is Vapor Pressure?

Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by vapor molecules of a substance in a closed system at equilibrium. It occurs when molecules are both vaporizing and condensing at the same rate. Vapor pressure is directly related to molecular kinetic energy and intermolecular forces.

Key Factors

  • Temperature: Higher temperature increases vapor pressure
  • Molecular Weight: Lighter molecules have higher vapor pressure
  • Intermolecular Forces: Weaker forces lead to higher vapor pressure

Vapor Pressure Equations

Clausius-Clapeyron

ln(P₂/P₁) = (ΔH/R) × (1/T₁ - 1/T₂)

For pure substances

Relates pressure and temperature

Uses enthalpy of vaporization

Raoult's Law

P_solution = P_solvent × χ_solvent

For ideal solutions

Uses mole fractions

Predicts solution behavior

Practical Applications

Distillation

Separation of liquids based on different vapor pressures and boiling points.

Weather Prediction

Humidity and precipitation forecasting using water vapor pressure.

Food Preservation

Vacuum packaging and freeze-drying utilize vapor pressure principles.

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