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Gorlin Formula Calculator

Calculate aortic and mitral valve areas using the Gorlin formula for cardiac valve assessment

Hemodynamic Parameters

L/min

Normal range: 4-8 L/min at rest

bpm

Normal range: 60-100 bpm at rest

Aortic Valve Assessment

mmHg
sec/beat

Mitral Valve Assessment

mmHg
sec/beat

Example Calculation

Aortic Valve Assessment Example

Cardiac Output: 5.5 L/min

Heart Rate: 75 bpm

Mean Pressure Gradient: 15 mmHg

Systolic Ejection Period: 0.25 sec/beat

Calculation Steps

1. Convert CO: 5.5 L/min = 5500 ml/min

2. Apply Gorlin formula: AVA = 5500 / (44.3 × 75 × 0.25 × √15)

3. Calculate: AVA = 5500 / (44.3 × 75 × 0.25 × 3.87) = 1.7 cm²

Result: Mild Aortic Stenosis

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Aortic Stenosis Grading

Normal

AVA: 3-4 cm²

Normal function

Mild

AVA: 1.5-3 cm²

Gradient: 10-19 mmHg

Moderate

AVA: 1-1.5 cm²

Gradient: 20-39 mmHg

Severe

AVA: < 1 cm²

Gradient: ≥ 40 mmHg

Mitral Stenosis Grading

Normal

MVA: 4-6 cm²

Normal function

Mild

MVA: 1.5-4 cm²

Gradient: < 5 mmHg

Moderate

MVA: 1-1.5 cm²

Gradient: 5-10 mmHg

Severe

MVA: < 1 cm²

Gradient: > 10 mmHg

Clinical Tips

Gorlin formula may underestimate AVA in low-flow states (CO < 2.5 L/min)

Consider continuity equation for aortic valve in low-flow conditions

Measure SEP and DFP accurately for reliable results

Correlate with clinical symptoms and other imaging findings

Understanding the Gorlin Formula

What is the Gorlin Formula?

The Gorlin formula is a mathematical equation used to calculate cardiac valve areas indirectly from hemodynamic measurements. It's particularly useful for assessing the severity of valve stenosis when direct measurement is not possible.

Clinical Applications

  • Assessment of aortic stenosis severity
  • Evaluation of mitral stenosis
  • Planning for valve intervention
  • Monitoring disease progression

Formula Details

AVA = CO / (44.3 × HR × SEP × √ΔP)

MVA = CO / (37.7 × HR × DFP × √ΔP)

  • AVA/MVA: Aortic/Mitral valve area (cm²)
  • CO: Cardiac output (ml/min)
  • HR: Heart rate (bpm)
  • SEP: Systolic ejection period (sec/beat)
  • DFP: Diastolic filling period (sec/beat)
  • ΔP: Mean pressure gradient (mmHg)

Note: The constants 44.3 and 37.7 are empirically derived correction factors specific to aortic and mitral valves respectively.

Clinical Considerations

Limitations

May underestimate valve area in low-flow states or irregular rhythms. Requires accurate hemodynamic measurements.

Advantages

Non-invasive assessment possible with echocardiography. Well-validated for stenosis grading.

Best Practice

Always correlate with clinical symptoms, physical examination, and other imaging modalities.

Important Medical Disclaimer

This Gorlin Formula calculator is designed for educational purposes and clinical reference only. It should never replace professional medical judgment or comprehensive cardiac assessment.

Healthcare professionals should:

  • Correlate results with complete echocardiographic evaluation
  • Consider clinical symptoms and physical examination findings
  • Follow current guidelines for valve disease management (AHA/ACC, ESC)
  • Verify hemodynamic measurements and calculation accuracy
  • Consider alternative assessment methods in low-flow conditions

Patients should always consult with qualified cardiologists or cardiac surgeons for diagnosis, treatment recommendations, and medical decisions regarding valve disease.

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