Time of Death Calculator
Forensic tool to estimate postmortem interval using algor mortis and rigor mortis methods
Forensic Time of Death Estimation
Core body temperature measured rectally
Temperature of surroundings where body was found
Algor Mortis Estimation
Formula: Time = (98.6°F - Body Temperature) ÷ T-factor
Calculation: (98.6 - 95.0) ÷ 0.75 = 4.8 hours
T-factor: 0.75 (above freezing)
⚖️ Forensic Analysis Notes
Postmortem Changes Timeline
Pallor Mortis
Skin becomes pale due to cessation of blood circulation
Algor Mortis
Body temperature decreases to match ambient temperature
Rigor Mortis
Muscle stiffening due to ATP depletion and actin-myosin binding
Livor Mortis
Blood pooling causes dark discoloration in dependent areas
Decomposition
Bacterial action leads to tissue breakdown and putrefaction
Rigor Mortis Reference
| Warmth | Flexibility | Time |
|---|---|---|
| Warm | Flexible | < 2h |
| Warm | Stiff | 2-8h |
| Cold | Stiff | 8-36h |
| Cold | Flexible | > 36h |
Temperature Factors
Above Freezing (≥32°F/0°C)
T-factor = 0.75
Normal cooling rate
Below Freezing (<32°F/0°C)
T-factor = 1.5
Accelerated cooling
Note: Factors like clothing, body mass, and air circulation significantly affect cooling rates
Forensic Investigation Tips
Document ambient temperature at scene immediately
Use rectal temperature for most accurate body temperature
Test rigor mortis in multiple joints systematically
Correlate with other forensic evidence and witness statements
Consider environmental factors that affect decomposition
Understanding Postmortem Interval Estimation
Algor Mortis Method
Algor mortis refers to the cooling of the body after death. The body temperature typically decreases at a predictable rate until it reaches ambient temperature. This method uses the temperature difference to estimate time since death.
Factors Affecting Body Cooling:
- •Ambient temperature and humidity
- •Air circulation and wind
- •Body size, composition, and clothing
- •Surface contact (concrete vs. carpet)
Rigor Mortis Method
Rigor mortis is the postmortem stiffening of muscles due to ATP depletion and the formation of permanent actin-myosin cross-bridges. The progression follows a predictable timeline that can help estimate time since death.
Rigor Mortis Progression:
- •Begins 2-6 hours after death
- •Starts in facial muscles, progresses to limbs
- •Maximum stiffness at 12-24 hours
- •Disappears 24-48 hours after death
Formula: Time = (98.6°F - Body Temp) ÷ T-factor
T-factor: 1.5 (below freezing) or 0.75 (above freezing)
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⚖️ Important Legal & Medical Disclaimer
FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY: This calculator provides estimates for educational and training purposes only. Time of death calculations are complex forensic procedures that must be performed by qualified forensic pathologists and medical examiners. Results should never be used as the sole basis for legal determinations, criminal investigations, or court proceedings. Multiple factors including environmental conditions, body characteristics, and scene circumstances significantly affect actual postmortem changes. Always consult with certified forensic professionals, pathologists, and legal authorities for official forensic analysis and testimony. The accuracy of these calculations cannot be guaranteed and should not replace professional forensic investigation methods.