Half Angle Calculator

Calculate half-angle formulas for sine, cosine, and tangent functions with exact values

Calculate Half-Angle Functions

Enter the full angle to calculate its half-angle functions

Half angle: 15.00° (0.2618 rad)

Quadrant: 1

Basic Functions for x = 30.0°

0.500000
sin(x)
= 1/2
0.866025
cos(x)
= √3/2
0.577350
tan(x)

Half-Angle Functions for x/2 = 15.0°

0.258819
sin(x/2)
= √((2-√3)/4)
0.965926
cos(x/2)
= √((2+√3)/4)
0.267949
tan(x/2)
= 2-√3

Alternative Tangent Formulas (no ± sign)

0.267949
tan(x/2) = (1 - cos x) / sin x
0.267949
tan(x/2) = sin x / (1 + cos x)

Verification (Direct Calculation)

0.258819
sin(15.0°)
0.965926
cos(15.0°)
0.267949
tan(15.0°)

✓ All values match within computational precision

Example: Finding cos(15°)

Problem

Find the exact value of cos(15°) using half-angle formulas.

Solution

Since 15° = 30°/2, we can use the half-angle formula for cosine:

cos(15°) = cos(30°/2) = √[(1 + cos 30°)/2]

cos(30°) = √3/2

cos(15°) = √[(1 + √3/2)/2] = √[(2 + √3)/4]

cos(15°) = √(2 + √3)/2 ≈ 0.965926

Half-Angle Formulas

Sine Half-Angle

sin(x/2) = ±√[(1 - cos x)/2]

Cosine Half-Angle

cos(x/2) = ±√[(1 + cos x)/2]

Tangent Half-Angle

tan(x/2) = ±√[(1 - cos x)/(1 + cos x)]

tan(x/2) = (1 - cos x)/sin x

tan(x/2) = sin x/(1 + cos x)

Sign Determination

Sine (sin x/2)

+ in Q1, Q2 | - in Q3, Q4

Cosine (cos x/2)

+ in Q1, Q4 | - in Q2, Q3

Tangent (tan x/2)

+ in Q1, Q3 | - in Q2, Q4

Common Half-Angles

sin(15°)(√6 - √2)/4
cos(15°)(√6 + √2)/4
tan(15°)2 - √3
sin(22.5°)√(2 - √2)/2
cos(22.5°)√(2 + √2)/2

Understanding Half-Angle Formulas

What are Half-Angle Formulas?

Half-angle formulas allow you to find the exact values of trigonometric functions for an angle that is half of a known angle. They are derived from the power-reducing formulas and are particularly useful for finding exact values of angles like 15°, 22.5°, etc.

Why are they Important?

  • Find exact values for non-standard angles
  • Solve trigonometric equations
  • Simplify complex trigonometric expressions
  • Applications in calculus and physics

Derivation from Power-Reducing Formulas

Power-reducing formulas:

sin²(x) = (1 - cos(2x))/2

cos²(x) = (1 + cos(2x))/2

tan²(x) = (1 - cos(2x))/(1 + cos(2x))

By substituting x/2 for x and taking square roots, we get the half-angle formulas.

Key Point: The ± sign is determined by the quadrant of the half-angle, not the original angle.