Lagrange Error Bound Calculator

Calculate the maximum error when approximating functions with Taylor polynomials

Calculate Lagrange Error Bound

Load Example Function

sin(x) approximated around x = π/6 ≈ 0.524

Number of terms in the Taylor polynomial

Point where you're approximating the function

Center of the Taylor polynomial (use 0 for Maclaurin series)

Maximum of |f^(n+1)(z)| for z between a and x

Lagrange Error Bound Result

8.333333e-8
Maximum possible error (e_max)
Scientific notation
0.0000000833
Decimal form
Precision: Very High

Formula: e_max = M × |x - a|^(n+1) / (n+1)!

Interpretation: The actual error |R_n(x)| ≤ 8.333e-8

Relative error:0.0001%

Step-by-Step Calculation

Formula Setup

e_max = M × |x - a|^(n+1) / (n+1)!

Step 1: Calculate |x - a|

x - a = 0.1 - 0 = 0.100000

|x - a| = |0.100000| = 0.100000

Step 2: Calculate |x - a|^(n+1)

n + 1 = 4 + 1 = 5

|x - a|^5 = 0.100000^5

= 1.000000e-5

Step 3: Calculate (n+1)!

(n + 1)! = 5!

= 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5

= 120

Step 4: Final Calculation

Numerator = M × |x - a|^(n+1)

= 1 × 1.000e-5

= 1.000000e-5

e_max = 1.000e-5 / 120

= 8.333333e-8

Error Analysis

0.0001%
Relative Error Bound
Very High
Approximation Quality
5
Terms in Polynomial

Interpretation

  • • The actual error is guaranteed to be less than 8.333e-8
  • • Using more terms (higher n) will reduce the error bound
  • • Points closer to the center (a) have smaller error bounds

Lagrange Error Bound Formula

e_max = M × |x - a|^(n+1) / (n+1)!
e_max: Maximum possible error
M: Maximum of |f^(n+1)(z)| on [a,x]
x: Evaluation point
a: Center of Taylor polynomial
n: Degree of polynomial

Common Function Derivatives

sin(x), cos(x)
All derivatives bounded by 1
e^x
f^(n)(x) = e^x, use max on interval
1/(1-x)
f^(n)(x) = n!/(1-x)^(n+1)
ln(1+x)
f^(n)(x) = (-1)^(n+1)(n-1)!/(1+x)^n

Calculation Tips

Find M by analyzing the (n+1)th derivative on the interval [a,x]

Use calculus to find max/min or evaluate at endpoints

Higher degree polynomials give smaller error bounds

Points closer to center have smaller errors

Use Maclaurin series (a=0) for many common functions

Understanding the Lagrange Error Bound

What is the Lagrange Error Bound?

The Lagrange error bound provides an upper limit on the error when approximating a function using a Taylor polynomial. It tells us the maximum possible difference between the actual function value and the polynomial approximation.

Taylor Series Background

A Taylor series represents a function as an infinite sum of terms calculated from the function's derivatives at a single point. When we truncate this series to n terms, we get a Taylor polynomial that approximates the function.

Taylor Polynomial

P_n(x) = f(a) + f'(a)(x-a) + f''(a)(x-a)²/2! + ... + f^(n)(a)(x-a)^n/n!

Key Applications

  • 📊Numerical analysis and computational mathematics
  • 🔬Scientific computing and error estimation
  • 📐Engineering approximations and modeling
  • 💻Algorithm development and optimization
  • 📈Mathematical analysis and proof verification

How to Find M

Step 1: Find the (n+1)th derivative of your function f(x)

Step 2: Determine the interval [a,x] where you need the maximum

Step 3: Find the maximum absolute value of the derivative on this interval