Powers of i Calculator

Calculate any power of the imaginary unit i using the cyclic pattern of complex numbers

Calculate Powers of i

i^n

Enter any integer (positive, negative, or zero)

Result

i0 = 1
Remainder when 0 is divided by 4: 0

Cyclic Pattern

i¹ = i
i² = -1
i³ = -i
i⁴ = 1

Properties

• Pattern repeats every 4 powers
• i² = -1 (definition)
• i⁰ = 1 (any number⁰ = 1)
• Uses modulo 4 arithmetic

Complex Number Properties

Real powers: When n ≡ 0 or 2 (mod 4)

Imaginary powers: When n ≡ 1 or 3 (mod 4)

i² = -1 (fundamental definition)

Cycle length: 4 (pattern repeats every 4)

Example Calculations

Positive Powers

i¹ = i
i² = -1
i³ = -i
i⁴ = 1
i⁵ = i (cycle repeats)
i¹⁰ = -1 (10 ≡ 2 mod 4)

Large Powers

i¹⁰⁰ = 1

100 ÷ 4 = 25 remainder 0

So i¹⁰⁰ = i⁰ = 1

Negative Powers

i⁻¹ = -i
i⁻² = -1
i⁻³ = i
i⁻⁴ = 1
i⁻⁵ = -i (cycle repeats)

Zero Power

i⁰ = 1

Any non-zero number to the power of 0 equals 1

Quick Reference

The Four Values

i¹ = i
i² = -1
i³ = -i
i⁴ = 1

Quick Method

1. Find n mod 4

2. Use remainder to get result

3. Pattern repeats every 4

Mathematical Properties

Imaginary unit: i² = -1
Cyclic pattern: Repeats every 4 powers
Modulo arithmetic: Use remainder of n ÷ 4
Complex numbers: Form: a + bi
Applications: Engineering, physics, mathematics

Understanding Powers of i

What is the Imaginary Unit i?

The imaginary unit i is defined as a number that satisfies the equation i² = -1. Sometimes written informally as i = √(-1), it's the fundamental building block of complex numbers.

The Cyclic Pattern

Powers of i follow a repeating cycle of length 4. This means that i^n depends only on the remainder when n is divided by 4, making calculations much simpler.

Pattern Table

n mod 4 = 0 → 1
n mod 4 = 1 → i
n mod 4 = 2 → -1
n mod 4 = 3 → -i

How to Calculate Powers of i

Step 1: Find the Remainder

Divide the exponent by 4 and find the remainder

Step 2: Apply the Pattern

Use the remainder to determine the result from the cycle

Step 3: Handle Negatives

For negative exponents, calculate as 1/i^|n|

Applications

  • Electrical Engineering: AC circuit analysis
  • Physics: Quantum mechanics, wave functions
  • Mathematics: Complex analysis, Fourier transforms
  • Computer Science: Signal processing, graphics