Square Root Calculator

Calculate square roots, simplify radical expressions, and find perfect squares

Calculate Square Roots

Negative numbers will result in complex numbers (with i)

Choose precision for decimal approximation

Square Root Result

0
Simplified Form
0.0000000000
Decimal Approximation

Step-by-Step Solution:

  1. 1. √0 = 0

Perfect Squares Reference

√1 = 1
√4 = 2
√9 = 3
√16 = 4
√25 = 5
√36 = 6
√49 = 7
√64 = 8
√81 = 9
√100 = 10
√121 = 11
√144 = 12

Square Root Properties

Definition

√x = y means y² = x

×

Multiplication

√(a×b) = √a × √b

÷

Division

√(a/b) = √a / √b

Common Irrational Square Roots

√2 ≈1.41421
√3 ≈1.73205
√5 ≈2.23607
√7 ≈2.64575
√11 ≈3.31662
√13 ≈3.60555

Quick Tips

√x² = |x| for all real numbers

Perfect squares have exact integer roots

√0 = 0 and √1 = 1

Negative numbers have imaginary roots

Simplify by extracting perfect square factors

Understanding Square Roots

What is a Square Root?

A square root of a number x is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives x. For example, the square root of 9 is 3 because 3 × 3 = 9. Every positive number has two square roots: one positive and one negative.

Perfect Squares

Perfect squares are numbers that are the product of an integer multiplied by itself. Examples include 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100, etc. These numbers have exact integer square roots.

Applications

  • Geometry: Finding side lengths of squares
  • Physics: Calculating distances and velocities
  • Statistics: Standard deviation calculations
  • Engineering: Signal processing and optimization

Simplifying Square Roots

Example: Simplify √72

Step 1: Factor 72 = 36 × 2

Step 2: √72 = √(36 × 2) = √36 × √2

Step 3: √72 = 6√2

Example: Simplify √50

Step 1: Factor 50 = 25 × 2

Step 2: √50 = √(25 × 2) = √25 × √2

Step 3: √50 = 5√2

Square Root Symbol History

The √ symbol originated from the letter "r" (for radix, meaning root in Latin) and was first used in the 16th century. The horizontal bar (vinculum) was added later to clearly show what's under the radical.