Total Harmonic Distortion Calculator

Convert between THD percentage and distortion attenuation in decibels for audio systems

THD Calculator

%

Enter percentage value (0.001% to 100%)

Conversion Results

1.0000%
THD Percentage
Distortion Factor (k)
-40.00 dB
Distortion Attenuation
Logarithmic Scale (aₖ)
Poor
High distortion, may affect audio quality

Formulas used:

THD% to dB: aₖ = 20 × log₁₀(k/100)

dB to THD%: k = 10^(aₖ/20) × 100

THD Quality Guidelines

< 0.01%Excellent (High-end audio)
0.01% - 0.1%Very Good (Quality audio)
0.1% - 0.5%Good (Acceptable)
0.5% - 1.0%Fair (Noticeable)
1.0% - 3.0%Poor (High distortion)
> 3.0%Very Poor (Degraded)

Example Calculations

High-Quality Audio Equipment

THD: 0.01% (very low distortion)

Distortion Attenuation: 20 × log₁₀(0.01/100) = -80 dB

Quality: Excellent - virtually inaudible distortion

Consumer Audio Equipment

THD: 0.1% (acceptable distortion)

Distortion Attenuation: 20 × log₁₀(0.1/100) = -60 dB

Quality: Very Good - minimal audible distortion

Basic Audio System

THD: 1.0% (noticeable distortion)

Distortion Attenuation: 20 × log₁₀(1.0/100) = -40 dB

Quality: Fair - distortion may be audible

THD Applications

🎵

Audio Amplifiers

Measure amplifier linearity and fidelity

🔊

Speakers

Evaluate speaker driver performance

🎧

Headphones

Test headphone audio quality

🎙️

Microphones

Assess microphone signal clarity

Conversion Formulas

THD% to dB
aₖ = 20 × log₁₀(k/100)
dB to THD%
k = 10^(aₖ/20) × 100
Variables
k = THD percentage (%)
aₖ = Distortion attenuation (dB)

THD Measurement Tips

Lower THD values indicate better audio quality

THD below 0.1% is generally inaudible to humans

Distortion attenuation is always negative in dB

Every audio component adds some level of distortion

Understanding Total Harmonic Distortion

What is THD?

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) is a parameter that measures the harmonic distortion present in a signal. It's defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental frequency.

Why is THD Important?

  • Measures audio system accuracy and fidelity
  • Indicates presence of unwanted harmonic frequencies
  • Helps compare audio equipment quality
  • Critical for professional audio applications

THD Measurement

THD can be expressed in two ways: as a percentage (distortion factor) or in decibels (distortion attenuation). The percentage represents how much of the output signal contains unwanted distortion.

Practical Examples

0.01% THD: High-end audio equipment

0.1% THD: Quality consumer audio

1.0% THD: Basic audio systems

3.0% THD: Poor quality audio

Human Perception

The human ear has difficulty perceiving THD levels below 0.5%, especially when it's only a small fraction of a percent. However, in critical listening environments, even small differences in THD can be significant.

Applications in Audio Systems

Professional Audio

Recording studios and live sound systems require extremely low THD (typically <0.01%) for accurate sound reproduction.

Consumer Electronics

Home audio systems typically aim for THD levels below 0.1% for good quality sound reproduction.

Testing & Quality Control

THD measurements are crucial for quality control in manufacturing audio equipment and ensuring specifications are met.