Curie's Law Calculator
Calculate magnetization of paramagnetic materials using Curie's law and temperature dependence
Calculate Magnetization Using Curie's Law
Material-specific constant characterizing magnetic response
External magnetic field strength
Absolute temperature affects thermal fluctuations of magnetic moments
Magnetization Results
Material Behavior Analysis
Example Calculation
Paramagnetic Material at Room Temperature
Given:
• Curie constant: C = 1.3 K⋅A/(T⋅m)
• Temperature: T = 20°C = 293.15 K
• Magnetic field: B = 1.0 T
Solution
Step 1: Calculate susceptibility
χ = C/T = 1.3 / 293.15 = 4.435 × 10⁻³
Step 2: Calculate magnetization
M = χ × B = 4.435 × 10⁻³ × 1.0
M = 4.435 × 10⁻³ A/m
Typical Curie Constants
Common Materials
Temperature Ranges
Key Principles
Curie's Law
M = (C/T) × B
Susceptibility
χ = C/T (inversely proportional)
Temperature Effect
Higher T → lower magnetization
Validity Range
Weak fields, moderate temperatures
Understanding Curie's Law
What is Curie's Law?
Curie's law describes the magnetization of paramagnetic materials as a function of applied magnetic field and temperature. It states that the magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field and inversely proportional to temperature.
Physical Origin
- •Paramagnetic atoms have unpaired electrons creating magnetic moments
- •External field tends to align these moments
- •Thermal energy opposes alignment through random motion
- •Balance determines net magnetization
Mathematical Formulation
Curie's Law:
M = (C/T) × B
Where M=magnetization, C=Curie constant, T=temperature, B=magnetic field
Magnetic Susceptibility:
χ = C/T
Dimensionless parameter characterizing material response
Alternative Form:
M = χB
Linear relationship between magnetization and field
Curie Constant and Material Properties
Factors Affecting Curie Constant
- • Number density of magnetic atoms
- • Magnetic moment of individual atoms
- • Electronic configuration (unpaired electrons)
- • Crystal field effects
- • Spin-orbit coupling
Limitations of Curie's Law
- • Valid only for weak magnetic fields
- • Breaks down at very low temperatures
- • Assumes no magnetic interactions
- • Modified by crystal field effects
- • Replaced by Curie-Weiss law for some materials