Hall Coefficient Calculator
Calculate Hall coefficient and analyze charge carrier properties in conductors
Calculate Hall Coefficient Parameters
Voltage difference across the conductor due to Hall effect
Thickness of the conductor in the direction of magnetic field
Electric current flowing through the conductor
Magnetic field perpendicular to current flow
Hall Effect Results
Hall Formula: RH = V × t / (I × B)
Calculation: R_H = 0.00e+0 V × 0.00e+0 m / (0.00 A × 0.00 T)
Applications: Magnetic field sensing, charge carrier analysis, semiconductor characterization
Physical Interpretation
Example Calculation
Copper Plate Hall Effect
Voltage: 0.05 mV
Thickness: 0.02 mm
Current: 10 A
Hall Coefficient: 0.133 mm³/C
Calculation
B = V × t / (I × RH)
B = (0.05×10⁻³ V) × (0.02×10⁻³ m) / (10 A × 0.133×10⁻⁹ m³/C)
B = 0.752 T
Common Hall Coefficients
Key Concepts
Positive RH indicates hole conduction
Negative RH indicates electron conduction
Larger |RH| means lower carrier concentration
Hall voltage proportional to magnetic field
Understanding the Hall Effect
What is the Hall Effect?
The Hall effect occurs when a current-carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field perpendicular to the current direction. The Lorentz force deflects charge carriers to one side, creating a voltage difference across the conductor called the Hall voltage.
Charge Carrier Analysis
- •Determines type of majority charge carriers
- •Measures charge carrier concentration
- •Calculates charge carrier mobility
- •Distinguishes metals from semiconductors
Hall Coefficient Formula
RH = V × t / (I × B)
RH = -1 / (n × q)
- RH: Hall coefficient (m³/C)
- V: Hall voltage (V)
- t: Conductor thickness (m)
- I: Electric current (A)
- B: Magnetic field (T)
- n: Charge carrier concentration (1/m³)
- q: Elementary charge (C)
Important: Sign of RH reveals charge carrier type
Applications and Examples
Practical Applications
- • Magnetic field measurement (Hall sensors)
- • Semiconductor characterization
- • Material property analysis
- • Current sensing in electronics
- • Position and motion detection
- • Automotive and industrial sensors
Material Types
- • Metals: Small positive RH (electron conduction)
- • n-type semiconductors: Large negative RH
- • p-type semiconductors: Large positive RH
- • Intrinsic semiconductors: Temperature dependent
- • Superconductors: Zero Hall coefficient
- • Magnetic materials: Complex behavior
Key Insights
Carrier Type Identification:
- RH > 0: Hole conduction (p-type)
- RH < 0: Electron conduction (n-type)
- |RH| magnitude shows concentration
Measurement Considerations:
- Temperature affects semiconductor RH
- Contact placement critical for accuracy
- Sample geometry influences results