Heat Transfer Calculator
Calculate heat transfer rates for conduction, convection, and radiation processes
Heat Transfer Calculator
Heat Transfer Results
Formula used: Q = k × A × t × ΔT / l
Transfer type: Conduction
Example Calculation
Heat Through Wall Example
Material: Concrete wall
Thermal conductivity: 1.7 W/(m·K)
Area: 10 m²
Thickness: 0.2 m
Temperature difference: 30°C - 10°C = 20°C
Time: 1 hour = 3600 s
Calculation
Q = k × A × t × ΔT / l
Q = 1.7 × 10 × 3600 × 20 / 0.2
Q = 1.7 × 10 × 3600 × 100
Q = 6,120,000 J or 6,120 kJ
Heat Transfer Types
Conduction
Heat transfer through direct contact
Effective in solids, especially metals
Convection
Heat transfer by fluid movement
Occurs in liquids and gases
Radiation
Heat transfer by electromagnetic waves
Can occur in vacuum
Common Material Properties
Thermal Conductivity (W/(m·K))
• Copper: 401
• Aluminum: 237
• Steel: 50
• Glass: 1.4
• Water: 0.6
• Air: 0.026
Specific Heat (J/(kg·K))
• Water: 4,184
• Air: 1,005
• Steel: 490
• Aluminum: 897
Heat Transfer Tips
Choose the appropriate transfer type for your system
Consider multiple heat transfer modes in real systems
Temperature must be in absolute scale for radiation
Emissivity ranges from 0 (perfect reflector) to 1 (black body)
Understanding Heat Transfer
What is Heat Transfer?
Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from one system to another due to a temperature difference. It occurs naturally from regions of higher temperature to regions of lower temperature until thermal equilibrium is reached.
Fundamental Principles
- •Heat flows from hot to cold objects
- •Rate depends on temperature difference
- •Material properties affect transfer rate
- •Multiple modes can occur simultaneously
Heat Transfer Equations
General Heat Transfer
Q = m × c × ΔT
For heating/cooling objects
Conduction
Q = k × A × t × ΔT / l
Through solid materials
Convection
Q = Hc × A × ΔT
Via fluid motion
Radiation
Q = σ × e × A × (T₂⁴ - T₁⁴)
Electromagnetic waves