Ideal Transformer Calculator
Calculate voltage, current, and power relationships in ideal transformers using turns ratio
Calculate Transformer Parameters
Number of turns in the primary coil
Number of turns in the secondary coil
Voltage across the primary coil
Voltage across the secondary coil
Current through the primary coil
Current through the secondary coil
Transformer Results
Basic Parameters
Calculated Values
Key Formulas:
• Voltage: Vs = Vp × (Ns/Np)
• Current: Is = Ip × (Np/Ns)
• Power: Pp = Ps (ideal transformer)
Transformer Analysis
Example Calculation
Step-down Transformer (Power Supply)
Application: Converting 240V AC to 12V AC for electronics
Primary windings: 1000 turns
Secondary windings: 50 turns
Primary voltage: 240V AC
Primary current: 0.5A
Calculation
Turns ratio = Ns/Np = 50/1000 = 0.05
Secondary voltage = 240V × 0.05 = 12V
Secondary current = 0.5A ÷ 0.05 = 10A
Result: 12V AC at 10A capacity
Transformer Types
Step-up
Ns > Np, increases voltage
Used in power transmission
Step-down
Ns < Np, decreases voltage
Used in power supplies
Isolation
Ns = Np, same voltage
Provides electrical isolation
Key Principles
Voltage is proportional to turns ratio
Current is inversely proportional to turns ratio
Power is conserved (ideal transformer)
Works only with AC (alternating current)
Based on electromagnetic induction
Understanding Ideal Transformers
How Transformers Work
A transformer consists of two coils (primary and secondary) wound around a common magnetic core. When AC current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing magnetic field that induces voltage in the secondary coil through electromagnetic induction.
Key Assumptions
- •No energy losses (100% efficiency)
- •Perfect magnetic coupling between coils
- •No magnetic flux leakage
- •Infinite magnetic permeability of core
Mathematical Relationships
Voltage Transformation
Vs/Vp = Ns/Np
Secondary voltage equals primary voltage times the turns ratio
Current Transformation
Is/Ip = Np/Ns
Current transformation is inverse of voltage transformation
Power Conservation
Pp = Ps = Vp × Ip = Vs × Is
Input power equals output power in ideal transformers
Real vs. Ideal Transformers
- • 100% efficiency
- • No losses
- • Perfect magnetic coupling
- • 95-99% efficiency
- • Copper and iron losses
- • Magnetic flux leakage
Transformer Applications
Power Distribution
Step-up transformers at power plants increase voltage for efficient long-distance transmission, while step-down transformers reduce voltage for safe residential use.
Example: 240kV → 120V
Electronic Devices
Power adapters and chargers use step-down transformers to convert household voltage to safe levels for electronic devices.
Example: 120V → 12V
Isolation
Isolation transformers provide electrical safety by eliminating direct electrical connection between input and output.
Example: 1:1 ratio