Laser Beam Spot Size Calculator

Calculate the focused spot size and depth of focus for laser beams with precision

Calculate Laser Beam Spot Size

Wavelength of the laser light

Diameter of the laser beam hitting the lens

Focal length of the focusing lens

M² = 1 for ideal Gaussian beam, higher values for real beams

Laser Beam Focus Results

Spot Size at Focus

67.74 μm
67736.3 nm
67.74 μm
0.068 mm

Depth of Focus

1.35 cm
13.55 mm
1.35 cm
Rayleigh range: 6.77 mm

Formula used: S = (4 × M² × λ × f) / (π × d)

Depth of Focus: DOF = 2 × π × (S/2)² / (M² × λ)

Spot Size Analysis

⚠️ Moderate spot size suitable for general laser processing applications

Example Calculation

Green Laser Pointer Example

Wavelength (λ): 532 nm (green laser)

Beam diameter at lens (d): 0.5 mm

Focal length (f): 50 mm

Beam quality (M²): 1.12 (slightly non-ideal)

Calculation Steps

S = (4 × M² × λ × f) / (π × d)

S = (4 × 1.12² × 532×10⁻⁹ × 0.05) / (π × 0.0005)

S = (4 × 1.2544 × 532×10⁻⁹ × 0.05) / (1.5708×10⁻³)

S ≈ 85.2 μm

DOF ≈ 67.97 mm

Laser Properties

λ

Wavelength

Determines diffraction limit

Shorter = smaller spot

Beam Quality

Deviation from ideal Gaussian

M² = 1 is perfect

f

Focal Length

Focusing lens parameter

Shorter = tighter focus

Common Laser Wavelengths

Red (HeNe)633 nm
Green (DPSS)532 nm
Blue (Diode)445 nm
Near-IR (Nd:YAG)1064 nm
CO₂ Laser10.6 μm

Optimization Tips

Use shorter wavelengths for smaller spots

Larger beam diameter gives tighter focus

Shorter focal length reduces spot size

High-quality beams (low M²) focus better

Consider depth of focus for applications

Understanding Laser Beam Spot Size

What is Laser Spot Size?

Laser spot size is the diameter of the focused laser beam at its focal point. This parameter is crucial for applications requiring precise energy delivery, such as laser cutting, engraving, and medical procedures.

Key Applications

  • Laser cutting and engraving
  • Medical laser surgery
  • Semiconductor processing
  • Optical data storage
  • Scientific research and spectroscopy

Mathematical Foundation

S = (4 × M² × λ × f) / (π × d)

DOF = 2 × π × (S/2)² / (M² × λ)

  • S: Spot size diameter (m)
  • M²: Beam quality factor (dimensionless)
  • λ: Wavelength (m)
  • f: Focal length (m)
  • d: Beam diameter at lens (m)
  • DOF: Depth of focus (m)

Physics Note: The spot size is fundamentally limited by diffraction, making it impossible to focus a laser beam to an arbitrarily small size.

Beam Quality Factor (M²)

M² = 1

Perfect Gaussian beam - theoretical ideal with minimum spot size

M² = 1.1-1.3

High-quality laser - excellent for precision applications

M² > 2

Lower quality - larger spot size, suitable for general applications