Manometer Calculator
Calculate fluid pressure using manometer readings with Pascal's principle and hydrostatic pressure
Calculate Manometer Pressure
Select the type of manometer configuration
Standard Earth gravity: 9.806 m/s²
Standard atmospheric pressure: 101,325 Pa
Height of liquid column in manometer
Pressure Results
Formula: P = ρgh
Configuration: Single Column
Pressure Analysis
Example: Mercury Manometer
Industrial Pressure Measurement
Application: U-tube mercury manometer for pipe pressure
Mercury height: 8.0 cm
Water height: 5.0 cm
Mercury density: 13,600 kg/m³
Water density: 1,000 kg/m³
Calculation Steps
1. Mercury pressure: P₁ = ρ₁gh₁ = 13,600 × 9.806 × 0.08 = 10,669 Pa
2. Water pressure: P₂ = ρ₂gh₂ = 1,000 × 9.806 × 0.05 = 490 Pa
3. Net pressure: P = P₁ - P₂ = 10,669 - 490 = 10,179 Pa
4. Result: 10.18 kPa gauge pressure
Manometer Types
Single Column
Simple tube attached to tank or vessel
U-Tube Open
U-shaped tube open to atmosphere
U-Tube Pipe
Connected to pressurized system
Differential
Measures pressure difference
Key Formulas
Basic hydrostatic pressure
Absolute pressure
Differential pressure
Height calculation
Understanding Manometer Physics
What is a Manometer?
A manometer is a scientific instrument used to measure fluid pressure in gases and liquids. It consists of a uniform diameter glass tube that can be attached to a reservoir, pipe, or used independently to measure atmospheric pressure and pressure differences.
Pascal's Principle
- •Pressure applied to any part of an enclosed incompressible liquid is transmitted equally in all directions
- •Forms the basis for manometer operation
- •Enables pressure measurement through liquid column height
- •Essential for hydraulic system design
Hydrostatic Pressure Equation
P = ρgh
Fundamental manometer equation
- P: Gauge pressure (Pa)
- ρ: Fluid density (kg/m³)
- g: Gravitational acceleration (9.806 m/s²)
- h: Liquid column height (m)
Note: For differential manometers with two fluids, the net pressure is calculated as the difference between the pressure contributions of each fluid column.
Applications and Design Considerations
Industrial Applications
- • Pipeline pressure monitoring
- • HVAC system measurements
- • Boiler and furnace draft
- • Tank level indication
Fluid Selection
- • Mercury: High density, high pressures
- • Water: Common, safe, moderate pressures
- • Oil: Special applications
- • Alcohol: Low-temperature applications
Design Factors
- • Tube diameter uniformity
- • Fluid compatibility
- • Temperature effects
- • Measurement accuracy