Sensible Heat Calculator

Calculate the heat required to change temperature of materials using mass, specific heat, and temperature difference

Calculate Sensible Heat

Mass of the object undergoing temperature change

Select material or choose "Custom" to enter specific heat capacity

Starting temperature of the object

Target temperature of the object

Sensible Heat Results

0.00 kJ
Sensible Heat
⚖️ No Heat Transfer

Energy Unit Conversions

Joules (J)
0
Kilojoules (kJ)
0.00
Calories (cal)
0.0
Kilocalories (kcal)
0.000
BTU
0.000
Watt-hours (Wh)
0.00
Kilowatt-hours (kWh)
0.000000

Calculation Details

Formula: Q = m × c × ΔT
Mass (m): 0.000 kg
Specific Heat (c): 4182.1 J/(kg·K)
Temperature Change (ΔT): 0.00°C
Initial Temperature: 0.0°C
Final Temperature: 0.0°C

Heat Transfer Analysis

Example Calculation

Heating Water

Material: Water

Mass: 2 kg

Specific Heat: 4,182 J/(kg·K)

Initial Temp: 20°C

Final Temp: 100°C

Calculation

Q = m × c × ΔT

Q = 2 × 4,182 × (100 - 20)

Q = 2 × 4,182 × 80

Q = 669.12 kJ

Heat required to heat 2 kg water from 20°C to 100°C

Sensible Heat Formula

Q = m × c × ΔT
Sensible Heat Equation
Q = Sensible heat (J)
m = Mass (kg)
c = Specific heat capacity (J/(kg·K))
ΔT = Temperature change (K or °C)

Specific Heat Values

Water4,182
Air (dry)1,005
Aluminum897
Copper385
Steel502
All values in J/(kg·K)

Physics Tips

Positive Q means heat is added (heating)

Negative Q means heat is removed (cooling)

Assumes no phase changes occur

Higher specific heat = more energy needed

Water has one of the highest specific heats

Understanding Sensible Heat

What is Sensible Heat?

Sensible heat is the energy required to change the temperature of a substance without changing its phase. Unlike latent heat (which causes phase changes), sensible heat results in temperature changes that you can "sense" or measure with a thermometer.

Key Characteristics

  • Directly proportional to temperature change
  • Depends on mass and specific heat capacity
  • Can be positive (heating) or negative (cooling)
  • No phase change occurs during the process

Sensible vs Latent Heat

Sensible Heat

Causes temperature change without phase change. Example: heating water from 20°C to 80°C.

Latent Heat

Causes phase change without temperature change. Example: melting ice at 0°C or boiling water at 100°C.

Important: During phase transitions, only latent heat is involved. Sensible heat calculations assume the substance remains in the same phase.

Formula Derivation and Units

Mathematical Relationship

Heat transfer rate ∝ Temperature difference
Heat transfer ∝ Mass of substance
Heat transfer ∝ Material properties
Therefore: Q = m × c × ΔT

Unit Analysis

Q: Energy (Joules, J)
m: Mass (kg)
c: Specific heat (J/(kg·K))
ΔT: Temperature change (K or °C)
Result: kg × J/(kg·K) × K = J

Real-World Applications

HVAC Systems

Calculate energy requirements for heating and cooling buildings. Determine the capacity needed for air conditioning and heating systems.

Food Processing

Design thermal processes for cooking, pasteurization, and food preservation. Calculate energy costs for food production.

Thermal Storage

Design thermal energy storage systems using materials with high specific heat capacity like water or specialized salts.