Wire Resistance Calculator
Calculate electrical resistance and conductance of wires using Pouillet's Law
Wire Resistance Calculator
Total length of the wire
Diameter of the wire
Material affects resistivity and temperature coefficient
Operating temperature (affects resistivity)
Electrical Properties
Wire Resistance (R)
Wire Conductance (G)
Voltage Drop (1A)
Power Loss (1A)
Formula: R = ρ × L / A
Where: ρ = 1.68e-8 Ω⋅m, L = 10.000 m, A = 3.142 mm²
Temperature correction: ρ(T) = ρ₀[1 + α(T - T₀)]
Resistance Analysis
Example Calculation - Copper Wire
Given Parameters
Material: Copper
Length: 100 meters
Diameter: 2.5 mm
Temperature: 20°C
Copper Resistivity: 1.68 × 10⁻⁸ Ω⋅m
Calculation Steps
Step 1: Area = π × (d/2)² = π × (0.00125)² = 4.91 × 10⁻⁶ m²
Step 2: R = ρ × L / A
Step 3: R = 1.68×10⁻⁸ × 100 / 4.91×10⁻⁶
Result: R = 0.342 Ω
Conductance: G = 1/R = 2.924 S
Material Resistivities (20°C)
Factors Affecting Resistance
Length: Resistance increases with length
Area: Resistance decreases with larger cross-section
Material: Different materials have different resistivities
Temperature: Most materials show increased resistance with temperature
Understanding Wire Resistance
Pouillet's Law (Resistance Formula)
The resistance of a wire is calculated using Pouillet's Law, which relates resistance to the physical properties of the conductor and its geometry.
Main Formula
R = ρ × L / A
- R: Resistance (Ω)
- ρ: Resistivity (Ω⋅m)
- L: Length (m)
- A: Cross-sectional area (m²)
Temperature Effects
Resistivity changes with temperature for most materials. The temperature-adjusted resistivity is calculated using the temperature coefficient.
Temperature Formula
ρ(T) = ρ₀[1 + α(T - T₀)]
- ρ(T): Resistivity at temperature T
- ρ₀: Resistivity at reference temperature
- α: Temperature coefficient
- T₀: Reference temperature (20°C)
Conductance and Resistivity
Conductance Formula
G = σ × A / L = 1 / R
Conductance (G) is the inverse of resistance and measures how easily current flows through the wire.
Resistivity vs Conductivity
σ = 1 / ρ
Conductivity (σ) is the inverse of resistivity (ρ) and represents the material's ability to conduct electricity.