Raw Score Calculator

Convert between raw scores and standardized scores using Z-score, mean, and standard deviation

Calculate Raw Score Parameters

Choose which parameter you want to find

Standardized score

Population or sample mean

Population or sample standard deviation

Calculation Results

48.000
Raw Score (X)

Formula Used

X = Z × σ + μ = -4 × 3 + 60 = 48.000
48
Raw Score (X)
-4
Z-score (Z)
60
Mean (μ)
3
Std Dev (σ)

Interpretation

The raw score of 48.000 is below the mean, indicating below-average performance.

Step-by-Step Example

Example Problem

Scenario: A student takes a math quiz

Z-score: -4 (4 standard deviations below mean)

Standard deviation: 3 points

Mean: 60 points

Find: The student's raw score (actual points)

Solution Steps

1. Use the raw score formula: X = Z × σ + μ

2. Substitute values: X = (-4) × 3 + 60

3. Calculate: X = -12 + 60

4. Result: X = 48 points

Interpretation: The student scored 48 points, which is 4 standard deviations below the average.

Key Formulas

Raw Score
X = Z × σ + μ
Z-score
Z = (X - μ) / σ
Mean
μ = X - Z × σ
Standard Deviation
σ = (X - μ) / Z

Z-score Interpretation

|Z| < 1
Within 1 standard deviation
68% of data (typical)
1 ≤ |Z| < 2
1-2 standard deviations
27% of data (uncommon)
2 ≤ |Z| < 3
2-3 standard deviations
4% of data (rare)
|Z| ≥ 3
Beyond 3 standard deviations
< 1% of data (very rare)

Quick Tips

Raw scores are unaltered, original measurements

Z-scores standardize data for comparison

Positive Z-score = above average

Negative Z-score = below average

Standard deviation must be positive

Understanding Raw Scores

What is a Raw Score?

A raw score is an unaltered, original data point or measurement. It represents the actual numerical value obtained from a test, assessment, or observation before any statistical transformation or standardization.

Why Use Raw Scores?

  • Foundational data for statistical analysis
  • Convert to standardized scores for comparison
  • Calculate percentiles and grade equivalents
  • Determine relative performance within a group

Key Relationships

Raw scores are connected to standardized scores through the mean and standard deviation of the distribution. This relationship allows us to understand how an individual score compares to the group average.

Applications

  • Educational testing and assessment
  • Psychological and cognitive evaluation
  • Quality control in manufacturing
  • Research and data analysis