Skewness Calculator

Calculate skewness and kurtosis to analyze distribution asymmetry

Data Input

Input Requirements

  • • At least 3 data points are required to calculate skewness
  • • At least 4 data points are required to calculate kurtosis
  • • Only numeric values will be processed
  • • Current data points: 0

Step-by-Step Calculation Example

Heights of 18 Children (cm)

Data: 140, 146, 146, 148, 152, 153, 154, 156, 156, 160, 162, 162, 163, 165, 166, 166, 168, 172

Sample Size (N): 18

Calculated Statistics

Mean (x̄): 157.5 cm

Standard Deviation (s): 8.833 cm

Skewness: -0.3212 (slight left skew)

Kurtosis: -0.7195 (flatter than normal)

Interpretation

Distribution: Slightly negatively skewed with more short children than tall ones

Shape: Flatter than normal distribution, suggesting uniform height distribution

Skewness Interpretation

-0.5 to 0.5 - Symmetric

Distribution is approximately normal

±0.5 to ±1.0 - Moderate

Noticeable asymmetry in distribution

±1.0+ - Highly Skewed

Strong asymmetry, far from normal

Positive: Right tail longer (right skew)
Negative: Left tail longer (left skew)

Kurtosis Interpretation

-1 to 1 - Normal

Similar peakedness to normal distribution

1+ - Leptokurtic

Heavy tails, sharp peak

-1- - Platykurtic

Light tails, flat peak

Understanding Skewness and Kurtosis

What is Skewness?

Skewness measures the asymmetry of a distribution. A normal distribution has zero skewness, while positive skewness indicates a longer right tail and negative skewness indicates a longer left tail.

Skewness Applications

  • Finance: Analyze return distributions and risk assessment
  • Quality Control: Detect manufacturing process deviations
  • Research: Test normality assumptions in statistical models

What is Kurtosis?

Kurtosis measures the "tailedness" or peakedness of a distribution relative to a normal distribution. It indicates whether data are concentrated around the center or in the tails.

Types of Kurtosis

Mesokurtic (≈0): Normal distribution-like

Leptokurtic (>0): Heavy tails, sharp peak

Platykurtic (<0): Light tails, flat peak

Practical Examples

Income Distribution

Typically right-skewed (positive skewness) due to high earners extending the right tail.

Test Scores

Often left-skewed (negative skewness) when most students perform well with few low scores.

Stock Returns

May show high kurtosis (fat tails) indicating higher probability of extreme events.

Formula Details

Sample Skewness

skewness = Σ(xₙ − x̄)³ × N / [(N − 2) × (N − 1) × s³]
Uses Excel-compatible formula with bias correction

Excess Kurtosis

Complex formula with bias correction
Excess kurtosis: normal distribution = 0