Uniform Distribution Calculator

Calculate probabilities, PDF, CDF, and statistical measures for uniform distribution

Distribution Parameters

Minimum value of the distribution

Maximum value of the distribution (must be > a)

Results

50.00%
P(X ≤ 0.5) = 0.500000

Distribution: U(0, 1)

PDF: f(x) = 1/(b-a) = 1.000000 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

CDF: F(x) = (x-a)/(b-a) for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

Mean: μ = (a+b)/2 = 0.500

Variance: σ² = (b-a)²/12 = 0.083333

Example Calculation

Standard Uniform Distribution

Distribution: U(0, 1)

Parameters: a = 0, b = 1

PDF: f(x) = 1 for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

CDF: F(x) = x for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

Probability Examples

P(X ≤ 0.5) = 0.5/1 = 0.5 (50%)

P(0.2 ≤ X ≤ 0.8) = (0.8-0.2)/(1-0) = 0.6 (60%)

P(X > 0.7) = 1 - 0.7 = 0.3 (30%)

Distribution Properties

Rectangular Shape

Constant probability density

Symmetric

Mean equals median

Bounded

Defined on finite interval

Key Formulas

PDF:
f(x) = 1/(b-a) for a ≤ x ≤ b
CDF:
F(x) = (x-a)/(b-a) for a ≤ x ≤ b
Mean:
μ = (a+b)/2
Variance:
σ² = (b-a)²/12
Quantile:
Q(p) = (b-a)×p + a

Understanding the Uniform Distribution

What is the Uniform Distribution?

The uniform distribution is a continuous probability distribution where all outcomes in a given interval [a,b] are equally likely. It's also known as the rectangular distribution because its probability density function forms a rectangle.

Key Characteristics

  • Constant probability density over the interval
  • Zero probability density outside the interval
  • Symmetric around the midpoint (a+b)/2
  • Skewness is always zero

Applications

  • Random number generation
  • Monte Carlo simulations
  • Modeling equally likely outcomes
  • Quality control processes
  • Statistical hypothesis testing

Note: The standard uniform distribution U(0,1) is the foundation for generating random numbers from other distributions using transformation methods.

Distribution Types

Standard Uniform

U(0,1) - Most common form used in random number generation

General Uniform

U(a,b) - Defined on any interval [a,b] where a < b

Discrete Uniform

Equal probability for finite discrete outcomes