arccos

Inverse Cosine Calculator

Calculate arccos(x) - the inverse cosine function for values between -1 and 1

Calculate Inverse Cosine

Domain: [-1, 1]

Results

arccos(0.5) = 60.000000°
Special Angle: 60°

In Degrees

60.000000°

In Radians

1.047198 rad

Explanation

cos(60°) = 1/2, therefore arccos(1/2) = 60°

Special Values of Inverse Cosine

Input (x)arccos(x) in Degreesarccos(x) in RadiansExact Value
100
√3/230°π/6π/6 ≈ 0.5236
√2/245°π/4π/4 ≈ 0.7854
1/260°π/3π/3 ≈ 1.0472
090°π/2π/2 ≈ 1.5708
-1/2120°2π/32π/3 ≈ 2.0944
-√2/2135°3π/43π/4 ≈ 2.3562
-√3/2150°5π/65π/6 ≈ 2.6180
-1180°ππ ≈ 3.1416

Quick Reference

Function
y = arccos(x)
Inverse cosine function
Domain
[-1, 1]
Input must be between -1 and 1
Range
[0, π] or [0°, 180°]
Output is always between 0 and π
Common Notation
arccos(x)
cos⁻¹(x)
acos(x)

Properties

Inverse Relationship
cos(arccos(x)) = x
Symmetry
arccos(-x) = π - arccos(x)
Pythagorean Identity
arcsin(x) + arccos(x) = π/2
Derivative
d/dx arccos(x) = -1/√(1-x²)

Understanding the Inverse Cosine Function

What is Inverse Cosine?

The inverse cosine function, denoted as arccos(x) or cos⁻¹(x), is the inverse function of the cosine. It takes a value between -1 and 1 and returns the angle whose cosine equals that value.

Key Properties

  • Domain: [-1, 1] - input must be between -1 and 1
  • Range: [0, π] radians or [0°, 180°]
  • The function is decreasing (as x increases, arccos(x) decreases)
  • arccos(x) + arcsin(x) = π/2 for all x in [-1, 1]

Applications

The inverse cosine function is used in trigonometry, engineering, physics, and computer graphics for finding angles when the cosine value is known.

Common Use Cases

  • Finding angles in triangles
  • Solving trigonometric equations
  • Vector calculations and dot products
  • Computer graphics and 3D rotations

Key Formulas

Basic Definition

y = arccos(x), where -1 ≤ x ≤ 1
0 ≤ y ≤ π (in radians)
0° ≤ y ≤ 180° (in degrees)

Relationships

cos(arccos(x)) = x
arccos(cos(y)) = y (for 0 ≤ y ≤ π)
arccos(-x) = π - arccos(x)
arcsin(x) + arccos(x) = π/2

Step-by-Step Examples

Example 1: Find arccos(1/2)

Step 1: We need to find the angle whose cosine is 1/2

Step 2: From the unit circle, we know cos(60°) = 1/2

Step 3: Since 60° is in the range [0°, 180°], arccos(1/2) = 60°

Answer: arccos(1/2) = 60° = π/3 radians

Example 2: Find arccos(-√2/2)

Step 1: We need to find the angle whose cosine is -√2/2

Step 2: From the unit circle, we know cos(135°) = -√2/2

Step 3: Since 135° is in the range [0°, 180°], arccos(-√2/2) = 135°

Answer: arccos(-√2/2) = 135° = 3π/4 radians