Physics Calculators

Arrow Speed CalculatorPopular

Calculate the speed and velocity of arrows in archery

Car Jump Distance CalculatorPopular

Calculate distance covered in vehicle jumps and stunts

Conservation of Momentum CalculatorPopular

Apply conservation of momentum in collision analysis

Displacement CalculatorPopular

Calculate displacement in various motion scenarios

Free Fall CalculatorPopular

Calculate free fall motion parameters and timing

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Free Fall Distance CalculatorPopular

Calculate distance traveled by objects in free fall using time, velocity, or gravitational acceleration

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Free Fall Height CalculatorPopular

Calculate the maximum height reached during free fall motion using time, velocity, or initial conditions

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Free Fall Time CalculatorPopular

Calculate the time required for objects to fall specific distances or reach certain velocities during free fall

Free Fall Velocity CalculatorPopular

Calculate the velocity reached by objects during free fall using time, height, or initial conditions

Friction CalculatorPopular

Calculate friction forces and coefficients in motion

Horizontal Projectile Motion CalculatorPopular

Analyze horizontal projectile motion trajectories

Impulse and Momentum CalculatorPopular

Calculate impulse and momentum in dynamic systems

Inclined Plane CalculatorPopular

Analyze forces and motion on inclined planes

Maximum Height Calculator – Projectile MotionPopular

Find maximum height reached in projectile motion

Momentum CalculatorPopular

Calculate momentum for moving objects and systems

Projectile Motion CalculatorPopular

Comprehensive projectile motion analysis and calculations

Projectile Range CalculatorPopular

Calculate range and distance for projectile motion

Quarter Mile CalculatorPopular

Calculate quarter mile time and speed for vehicles

SUVAT CalculatorPopular

Apply SUVAT equations for kinematic problem solving

Terminal Velocity CalculatorPopular

Calculate terminal velocity for falling objects

Time of Flight Calculator – Projectile MotionPopular

Calculate flight time for projectile motion scenarios

Trajectory CalculatorPopular

Calculate and analyze projectile trajectories

Velocity CalculatorPopular

Calculate velocity from distance and time measurements

Ballistic Coefficient Calculator

Determine ballistic coefficient for projectile analysis

Free Fall with Air Resistance Calculator

Calculate free fall motion accounting for air resistance

Ground Speed Calculator

Calculate ground speed considering wind effects

Magnitude of Acceleration Calculator

Calculate acceleration magnitude in various scenarios

Muzzle Velocity Calculator

Calculate muzzle velocity for firearms and projectiles

Polar Moment of Inertia Calculator

Calculate polar moment of inertia for rotational motion

Resultant Velocity Calculator

Calculate resultant velocity from multiple velocity vectors

Rolling Resistance Calculator

Calculate rolling resistance forces and coefficients

Sled Ride Calculator

Calculate sled motion parameters and dynamics

⚖️Dynamics Calculators16 tools

Acceleration CalculatorPopular

Calculate acceleration from velocity change and time

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Acceleration due to Gravity CalculatorPopular

Calculate gravitational acceleration on any celestial body using mass and radius

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Acceleration using Force and Mass CalculatorPopular

Calculate acceleration, force, or mass using Newton's Second Law (F=ma)

Car Crash CalculatorPopular

Analyze forces and energy in vehicle collision scenarios

Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate force using Newton's laws and various force types

G Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate G-force from acceleration in linear and circular motion with physiological effects

Gravitational Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate gravitational force between objects using Newton's law

Hooke's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate spring force, displacement, and spring constant

kg to Newtons CalculatorPopular

Convert mass in kilograms to weight force in Newtons

Net Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate resultant force from multiple force vectors

Newton's Second Law CalculatorPopular

Apply F=ma to calculate force, mass, or acceleration

Normal Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate normal force on inclined planes and surfaces

Stopping Distance CalculatorPopular

Calculate vehicle stopping distance based on speed and conditions

Tension CalculatorPopular

Calculate tension forces in ropes, cables, and strings

Angle of Banking Calculator

Calculate optimal banking angle for curved roads and tracks

Newton's Third Law Calculator

Analyze action-reaction force pairs in physical systems

⚡Statics Calculators4 tools

Pressure CalculatorPopular

Calculate pressure from force and area measurements

Weight on Other Planets CalculatorPopular

Calculate your weight on different planets and moons

Car Center of Mass Calculator

Calculate the center of mass for vehicles and objects

Reduced Mass Calculator

Calculate reduced mass for two-body systems in physics

📦Relativity Calculators10 tools

E = mc² CalculatorPopular

Calculate mass-energy equivalence using Einstein's equation

Electron Speed CalculatorPopular

Calculate electron speed in relativistic conditions

Gravitational Time Dilation CalculatorPopular

Calculate time dilation in gravitational fields

Length Contraction CalculatorPopular

Calculate length contraction in special relativity

Relativistic Kinetic Energy CalculatorPopular

Calculate kinetic energy at relativistic speeds

Space Travel CalculatorPopular

Calculate relativistic effects in space travel

Time Dilation CalculatorPopular

Calculate time dilation effects in special relativity

Velocity Addition CalculatorPopular

Calculate relativistic velocity addition

Barn-Pole Paradox

Explore the barn-pole paradox in special relativity

Bug-Rivet Paradox

Analyze the bug-rivet paradox in relativistic mechanics

🧲Electromagnetism Calculators52 tools

AC Wattage CalculatorPopular

Calculate AC power consumption and wattage

Acceleration in the Electric Field CalculatorPopular

Calculate acceleration of charged particles in electric fields

Capacitance CalculatorPopular

Calculate capacitance for parallel plate capacitors

Capacitive Reactance CalculatorPopular

Calculate capacitive reactance in AC circuits

Coulomb's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrostatic force using Coulomb's law

Curie's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate magnetization of paramagnetic materials using Curie's law and temperature dependence. Analyze magnetic susceptibility, thermal fluctuations, and material response to external magnetic fields with comprehensive electromagnetic analysis

Cutoff Frequency CalculatorPopular

Calculate cutoff frequency for filters and circuits

Electric Field CalculatorPopular

Calculate electric field strength and intensity

Electric Motor Torque CalculatorPopular

Calculate torque output of electric motors

Electric Potential CalculatorPopular

Calculate electric potential and voltage

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Electrical Mobility CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical mobility and diffusion constant using Einstein-Smoluchowski relation. Analyze charge carrier movement, drift velocity, and thermal diffusion in semiconductors, metals, and electrolytes with comprehensive electrical transport analysis

Electrical Power CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical power consumption and usage

Faraday's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate induced EMF using Faraday's law

Gauss's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate electric flux using Gauss's law

hp to amps CalculatorPopular

Convert horsepower to amperage for electric motors

Inductive Reactance CalculatorPopular

Calculate inductive reactance in AC circuits

Internal Resistance CalculatorPopular

Calculate internal resistance of batteries and sources

kVA CalculatorPopular

Calculate kilovolt-amperes for electrical systems

kVA to Amperage CalculatorPopular

Convert kilovolt-amperes (kVA) to amperes for electrical systems and transformers

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LC Filter CalculatorPopular

Calculate cutoff frequency and design LC filter circuits for electronic applications

Lorentz Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate Lorentz force on charged particles

Magnetic Field of a Straight Current-Carrying Wire CalculatorPopular

Calculate magnetic field around current-carrying wires

Ohm's Law Current CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical current using Ohm's law formulas (I = V/R, I = P/V) for circuit analysis

Ohm's Law Power CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical power using Ohm's law with P=VI, P=RI², and P=V²/R formulas for circuit analysis

Ohm's Law Resistance CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical resistance using Ohm's law formulas R=V/I, R=V²/P, R=P/I² for circuit analysis

Power Dissipation CalculatorPopular

Calculate power dissipation in electrical components

Power Factor CalculatorPopular

Calculate power factor in AC electrical systems

Voltage Drop CalculatorPopular

Calculate voltage drop in electrical circuits

Watt CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical power in watts

Watt-hour CalculatorPopular

Calculate energy consumption in watt-hours

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Wattage to Amperage CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical current from power and voltage in DC and AC circuits

Watts to Amps CalculatorPopular

Convert watts to amperes for electrical calculations

Watts to Lux CalculatorPopular

Convert watts to lux for lighting calculations

Conductivity to Resistivity Calculator

Convert between electrical conductivity and resistivity

Cyclotron Frequency Calculator

Calculate cyclotron frequency for charged particles

Delta to Wye Conversion

Convert between delta and wye circuit configurations

Dipole Moment Calculator

Calculate electric and magnetic dipole moments

Drift Velocity Calculator

Calculate drift velocity of charge carriers

Energy Density of Fields Calculator

Calculate energy density in electric and magnetic fields

Excess Electrons Calculator

Calculate excess electrons and charge distribution

Free Space Path Loss Calculator

Calculate free space path loss for radio waves

Frequency Bandwidth Calculator

Calculate frequency bandwidth for signals

Fresnel Zone Calculator

Calculate Fresnel zone parameters for radio links

Hall Coefficient Calculator

Calculate Hall coefficient and charge carrier properties

Insertion Loss Calculator

Calculate insertion loss in electronic components

Magnetic Declination Calculator

Calculate magnetic declination and compass variation

Magnetic Dipole Moment Calculator

Calculate magnetic dipole moment and magnetization

Magnetic Permeability Calculator

Calculate magnetic permeability of materials

RC Filter Calculator

Calculate RC filter cutoff frequency, resistance, and capacitance for low-pass and high-pass filters

Skin Depth Calculator

Calculate skin depth for electromagnetic waves

Volt to Electron Volt Calculator

Convert between volts and electron volts

VSWR Calculator (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio Calculator)

Calculate voltage standing wave ratio for transmission lines

💡Electronics and Circuits Calculators63 tools

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220 Volt Wire Size CalculatorPopular

Calculate proper wire size for 220V electrical circuits with voltage drop analysis

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24V Wire Size CalculatorPopular

Calculate optimal wire size for 24V DC and AC electrical systems

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3-Phase Motor Amperage CalculatorPopular

Calculate full load current for 3-phase and single-phase motors with power analysis

555 Timer CalculatorPopular

Calculate 555 timer circuit parameters and timing

Boost Converter CalculatorPopular

Calculate boost converter parameters and efficiency

Breaker Size CalculatorPopular

Calculate proper circuit breaker size for electrical loads

Buck Converter CalculatorPopular

Calculate buck converter parameters and design values

Capacitor CalculatorPopular

Calculate capacitor values and characteristics

Capacitor Charge Time CalculatorPopular

Calculate capacitor charging and discharging time

Capacitor Energy CalculatorPopular

Calculate energy stored in capacitors

Capacitor Size CalculatorPopular

Calculate required capacitor size for applications

Capacitors in Series CalculatorPopular

Calculate total capacitance for series-connected capacitors

Current Divider CalculatorPopular

Calculate current division in parallel circuits

Generator Power CalculatorPopular

Calculate generator power output and requirements

High Pass Filter CalculatorPopular

Calculate high pass filter frequency response

Ideal Transformer CalculatorPopular

Calculate ideal transformer voltage and current ratios

Inductor Energy Storage CalculatorPopular

Calculate energy stored in inductors

Inductors in Parallel CalculatorPopular

Calculate total inductance for parallel-connected inductors

Inductors In Series CalculatorPopular

Calculate total inductance for series-connected inductors

LED Resistor CalculatorPopular

Calculate current limiting resistor for LEDs

Low Pass Filter CalculatorPopular

Calculate low pass filter frequency response

MOSFET CalculatorPopular

Calculate MOSFET parameters and operating characteristics

Ohm's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate voltage, current, resistance, and power using Ohm's law

Parallel Capacitor CalculatorPopular

Calculate total capacitance for parallel-connected capacitors

Parallel Resistor CalculatorPopular

Calculate total resistance for parallel-connected resistors

RC Circuit CalculatorPopular

Calculate RC circuit time constants and response

Resistor Color Code CalculatorPopular

Decode resistor color codes and calculate resistance values

Resistor Wattage CalculatorPopular

Calculate power dissipation and wattage rating for resistors

Resonant Frequency CalculatorPopular

Calculate resonant frequency for LC and RLC circuits

RLC Circuit CalculatorPopular

Calculate RLC circuit parameters and frequency response

RLC Impedance CalculatorPopular

Calculate impedance for RLC circuits at different frequencies

RMS Voltage CalculatorPopular

Calculate RMS voltage from peak and average values

Series Resistor CalculatorPopular

Calculate total resistance for series-connected resistors

Solenoid Inductance CalculatorPopular

Calculate inductance of solenoid coils

Solenoid Magnetic Field CalculatorPopular

Calculate magnetic field inside and outside solenoids

Transformer Sizing CalculatorPopular

Calculate transformer size and specifications

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Transformer Sizing CalculatorPopular

Calculate transformer kVA rating and load capacity for single-phase and three-phase systems

Transistor Biasing CalculatorPopular

Calculate transistor biasing resistors and operating point

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Transistor Biasing CalculatorPopular

Calculate BJT transistor biasing parameters for different circuit configurations

Voltage Divider CalculatorPopular

Calculate voltage division in resistor networks

Voltage Regulation CalculatorPopular

Calculate voltage regulation and load regulation

Wheatstone Bridge CalculatorPopular

Calculate Wheatstone bridge balance and unknown resistance

Wire Gauge CalculatorPopular

Calculate wire diameter, cross-sectional area, and electrical resistance for AWG and SWG standards

Wire Resistance CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical resistance and conductance using Pouillet's Law with temperature effects

Wire Size CalculatorPopular

Calculate electrical wire size and AWG gauge based on current, voltage drop, and distance

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Amp to Wire Size Calculator

Calculate the proper electrical wire size based on current requirements and system parameters

Bridge Rectifier Calculator

Calculate bridge rectifier parameters and voltage output

Capacitive Transformerless Power Supply Calculator

Design capacitive transformerless power supplies

Crossover Calculator

Calculate audio crossover network parameters

Dipole Calculator

Calculate dipole antenna dimensions and characteristics

Flyback Converter Calculator

Calculate flyback converter parameters and design

Forward Converter Calculator

Calculate forward converter parameters and efficiency

Helical Coil Calculator

Calculate helical coil inductance and parameters

Inverting Buck-Boost Converter Calculator

Calculate inverting buck-boost converter parameters

J-Pole Antenna Calculator

Calculate J-pole antenna dimensions and frequency

Magnetic Force Between Current-Carrying Wires Calculator

Calculate magnetic force between parallel current-carrying wires

Magnetic Force on a Current-Carrying Wire Calculator

Calculate magnetic force on current-carrying wire in magnetic field

MOSFET Threshold Voltage Calculator

Calculate MOSFET threshold voltage and gate characteristics

Noise Figure Calculator

Calculate noise figure and signal-to-noise ratio

Photon Detection Efficiency Calculator (SiPM)

Calculate photon detection efficiency for silicon photomultipliers

Resistor Noise Calculator

Calculate thermal noise and noise voltage in resistors

Shockley Diode Calculator

Calculate Shockley diode equation parameters

Spherical Capacitor Calculator

Calculate capacitance of spherical capacitor configurations

💧Fluid Mechanics Calculators49 tools

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API Gravity CalculatorPopular

Calculate API gravity from density or density from API gravity for petroleum products. Determine crude oil classification, specific gravity, and commercial value assessment

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Archimedes' Principle CalculatorPopular

Calculate buoyant force, object density, and floating behavior using Archimedes' principle. Determine if objects will float or sink in fluids

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Bernoulli Equation CalculatorPopular

Calculate pressure, velocity, and height changes in fluid flow using Bernoulli's equation. Analyze flow rates and energy conservation in fluid systems

Buoyancy CalculatorPopular

Calculate buoyant force, volume, and fluid density using Archimedes' principle for floating objects, ships, and underwater applications

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Buoyant Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate buoyant force using Archimedes' principle with comprehensive fluid mechanics analysis and material database

Coefficient of Discharge CalculatorPopular

Calculate coefficient of discharge for fluid flow through orifices, weirs, and hydraulic devices using hydraulic head or pressure change methods

Cv Flow CalculatorPopular

Calculate valve flow coefficient (Cv), flow rate, and pressure drop for hydraulic valve sizing and system design

Darcy Weisbach CalculatorPopular

Calculate pressure drop and head loss in pipes using the Darcy-Weisbach equation. Analyze friction factors, Reynolds numbers, and flow regimes for fluid mechanics applications

Darcy's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate groundwater flow rate, soil permeability, and hydraulic parameters using Darcy's law for porous media flow analysis

Differential Pressure CalculatorPopular

Calculate differential pressure and flow rate in fluid systems using flow factor and specific gravity. Analyze pressure drops across orifices, valves, and flow restrictions

Drag Equation CalculatorPopular

Calculate drag force on objects moving through fluids using the drag equation. Analyze aerodynamics, drag coefficients, and Reynolds numbers for engineering applications

Fan CalculatorPopular

Calculate fan performance including CFM (airflow), static pressure, power consumption, and efficiency. Analyze axial, centrifugal, and mixed flow fans for HVAC, ventilation, and cooling applications

Flow Rate CalculatorPopular

Calculate volumetric and mass flow rates for fluids in pipes, channels, and vessels. Includes velocity calculations, Reynolds number analysis, and unit conversions

Friction Factor CalculatorPopular

Calculate Darcy friction factor using Moody's approximation for pipe flow analysis. Includes Reynolds number calculations, relative roughness analysis, and pressure drop estimation

Friction Loss CalculatorPopular

Calculate friction head loss and pressure drop in pipes using the Hazen-Williams equation. Analyze water flow systems, pipe materials, and flow velocities

Froude Number CalculatorPopular

Calculate Froude number to characterize fluid flow in open channels. Determine flow regime (subcritical, critical, or supercritical) for hydraulic engineering applications

Hydraulic Conductivity CalculatorPopular

Calculate hydraulic conductivity using multiple methods including Kozeny-Carman, Darcy's Law, constant head, and falling head for soil permeability analysis

Hydraulic Gradient CalculatorPopular

Calculate hydraulic gradient to determine groundwater flow direction and magnitude. Essential for hydrogeology and environmental engineering applications

Hydraulic Jump CalculatorPopular

Calculate hydraulic jump characteristics including flow velocities, jump height and length, energy loss, and flow regime classification for open channel flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical flow

Hydraulic Pressure CalculatorPopular

Calculate hydraulic pressure in fluid systems

Hydrostatic Pressure CalculatorPopular

Calculate hydrostatic pressure in fluids

Lift Coefficient CalculatorPopular

Calculate lift coefficient for aerodynamic analysis

Mach Number CalculatorPopular

Calculate Mach number for compressible flow

Manometer CalculatorPopular

Calculate pressure using manometer readings

Moisture Content CalculatorPopular

Calculate moisture content in materials and air

Open Channel Flow CalculatorPopular

Calculate flow in open channels and rivers

Orifice Flow CalculatorPopular

Calculate flow through orifices and openings

Pipe Flow CalculatorPopular

Calculate flow parameters in pipes and ducts

Pneumatic Cylinder Force CalculatorPopular

Calculate force output of pneumatic cylinders

Poiseuille's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate viscous flow using Poiseuille's law

Reynolds Number CalculatorPopular

Calculate Reynolds number for flow characterization

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SCFM Calculator — Standard Cubic Feet per MinutePopular

Convert ACFM to SCFM and vice versa with temperature and pressure corrections. Essential for pneumatic systems, compressors, and HVAC applications

Stokes' Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate terminal velocity, drag force, and viscosity for spherical particles in viscous fluids

Water Density CalculatorPopular

Calculate water density based on temperature, salinity, and pressure. Includes pure water and seawater density calculations for physics and engineering applications

Water Viscosity CalculatorPopular

Calculate dynamic and kinematic viscosity of water at any temperature. Includes mPa·s, centipoise, mm²/s, and centistokes units for fluid mechanics applications

Wind Load CalculatorPopular

Calculate wind load and dynamic pressure on buildings, roofs, signs, and structures. Determine wind force based on wind speed, surface area, angle, and air density for structural engineering applications

Broad Crested Weir Calculator

Calculate discharge flow rate, head height, and weir length for broad crested weir hydraulic systems used in dams, spillways, and flow control

Hydraulic Radius Calculator

Calculate hydraulic radius for rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular channels and pipes using cross-sectional area and wetted perimeter

Knudsen Number Calculator

Calculate Knudsen number for gas flow regimes

Magnus Force Calculator

Calculate Magnus force on spinning objects in fluid flow

Oblique Shock Calculator

Calculate oblique shock wave parameters

Poise-Stokes Converter

Convert between poise and stokes viscosity units

Porosity and Permeability Calculator

Calculate porosity and permeability of porous media

Pounds per Minute Calculator

Calculate mass flow rate in pounds per minute

Prandtl Meyer Expansion Calculator

Calculate Prandtl-Meyer expansion for supersonic flow

Prandtl Number Calculator

Calculate Prandtl number for heat and mass transfer

Refrigerant Capillary Tube Calculator

Calculate capillary tube sizing for refrigeration systems

Wind Correction Angle Calculator

Calculate wind correction angle for aircraft navigation. Determine heading adjustments needed to maintain course in crosswind conditions using vector analysis

Y+ Calculator

Calculate Y+ dimensionless wall distance for CFD analysis and boundary layer modeling. Determine optimal mesh sizing using friction velocity, wall shear stress, and multiple skin friction coefficient models

☁️Atmospheric Physics Calculators16 tools

Absolute Humidity CalculatorPopular

Calculate absolute humidity from relative humidity and temperature using Wagner-Pruss equation. Convert between absolute and relative humidity for atmospheric physics, HVAC, and meteorology applications

Air Density CalculatorPopular

Calculate air density based on temperature, pressure, and humidity using ideal gas law and atmospheric physics. Determine air mass density for aviation, meteorology, HVAC design, and engineering applications

Air Pressure at Altitude CalculatorPopular

Calculate atmospheric pressure at different altitudes using the barometric formula. Essential for aviation, meteorology, and mountaineering with precise pressure drop calculations and altitude effects

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Density Altitude CalculatorPopular

Calculate density altitude for aviation performance analysis. Determine aircraft engine performance, takeoff distances, and flight safety parameters based on atmospheric conditions including temperature, humidity, and pressure altitude

Dew Point CalculatorPopular

Calculate dew point from temperature and humidity

Heat Index CalculatorPopular

Calculate heat index from temperature and humidity

Kinematic Viscosity of Air CalculatorPopular

Calculate dynamic and kinematic viscosity of air using Sutherland's formula. Determine air viscosity properties for aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, and atmospheric physics applications

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Lightning Distance CalculatorPopular

Calculate lightning distance using thunder timing and speed of sound. Includes safety guidelines, 30-30 rule, and temperature corrections for accurate storm distance measurements

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Mixing Ratio of Air CalculatorPopular

Calculate water vapor mixing ratio, saturation mixing ratio, and relative humidity using Magnus formula. Essential tool for meteorology, HVAC design, and atmospheric physics analysis

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Psychrometric CalculatorPopular

Calculate comprehensive properties of moist air for HVAC, meteorology, and atmospheric analysis including humidity ratio, enthalpy, dew point, and comfort assessment

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Relative Humidity CalculatorPopular

Calculate relative humidity from air temperature and dew point using Magnus formula. Includes comfort zones, absolute humidity, and vapor pressure analysis

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Temperature at Altitude CalculatorPopular

Calculate atmospheric temperature changes with altitude using the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) model for aviation, meteorology, and atmospheric science

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True Airspeed CalculatorPopular

Calculate true airspeed (TAS) using multiple aviation methods: IAS+altitude, ground speed+wind, and E6B computer. Includes pressure altitude, density altitude, and Mach number calculations

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Virtual Temperature CalculatorPopular

Calculate virtual temperature using mixing ratio or dew point methods. Essential for meteorology, CAPE calculations, and atmospheric density corrections

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Wet Bulb CalculatorPopular

Calculate wet bulb temperature using Stull formula and WBGT analysis. Essential for heat stress assessment, occupational safety, and meteorology

Cloud Base Calculator

Calculate cloud base height and temperature using meteorological formulas. Determine lifting condensation level from temperature, dew point, and elevation for weather forecasting and aviation applications

⚛️Quantum Mechanics Calculators15 tools

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Bohr Model CalculatorPopular

Calculate electron energy levels, orbital properties, and photon transitions using the Bohr model. Perfect for hydrogen spectroscopy and quantum mechanics education

De Broglie Wavelength CalculatorPopular

Calculate de Broglie wavelength of particles using mass and velocity or momentum. Essential for quantum mechanics, wave-particle duality, and electron microscopy applications

Frequency of Light CalculatorPopular

Calculate frequency, wavelength, and photon energy of electromagnetic radiation across the entire spectrum. Includes visible light colors and EM spectrum analysis

Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle CalculatorPopular

Calculate minimum uncertainties in position and momentum for quantum particles using Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. Features dual calculation modes, velocity uncertainty analysis, and comprehensive quantum mechanics education

Hydrogen Energy Levels CalculatorPopular

Calculate electron energy levels, orbital radii, and spectral transitions in hydrogen and hydrogen-like atoms using the Bohr model. Features energy level diagrams, ionization calculations, and comprehensive atomic physics education

Photoelectric Effect CalculatorPopular

Calculate photoelectric effect parameters using Einstein's equation. Features electron emission analysis, work function calculations, stopping potential determination, and comprehensive quantum mechanics education with material properties database

Photon Energy CalculatorPopular

Calculate photon energy, frequency, and wavelength using Planck's equation. Features electromagnetic spectrum analysis, quantum mechanics calculations, photon flux determination, and comprehensive physics education

Rydberg Equation CalculatorPopular

Calculate hydrogen emission spectrum wavelengths using the Rydberg equation. Features spectral series analysis, quantum transitions, atomic spectroscopy, and comprehensive hydrogen-like atom calculations for educational purposes

Stefan Boltzmann Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate thermal radiation power using the Stefan-Boltzmann law. Determine radiated power, temperature, or surface area from blackbody and real surface radiation with emissivity values for thermal engineering and physics applications

Wien's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate peak wavelength and temperature using Wien's displacement law. Determine blackbody radiation characteristics, stellar temperatures, and electromagnetic spectrum properties with accurate Wien's constant calculations for thermal physics and astronomy

Compton Scattering Calculator

Calculate Compton scattering wavelength shift, energy transfer, and electron recoil for X-rays and gamma rays. Perfect for medical physics and quantum mechanics education

Compton Wavelength Calculator

Calculate Compton wavelength and quantum properties for particles. Perfect for quantum field theory, measurement limits, and fundamental physics education

Curie Constant Calculator

Calculate Curie constant and magnetic susceptibility for paramagnetic materials. Perfect for magnetic characterization and materials science education

Fermi Level Calculator

Calculate Fermi energy, temperature, velocity, and Fermi-Dirac distribution for electrons in materials. Essential for semiconductor physics and solid state analysis

Magnetic Moment Calculator

Calculate atomic magnetic moments, Landé g-factors, and electron spin contributions using quantum numbers. Features spin-orbit coupling analysis, current loop calculations, and comprehensive atomic magnetism education

🌡️Thermodynamics and Heat Calculators51 tools

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Boyle's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate pressure and volume relationships using Boyle's Law for isothermal gas processes. Determine gas compression and expansion properties, analyze pneumatic systems, and solve ideal gas problems with accurate thermodynamic calculations

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BTU to Tons ConverterPopular

Convert between BTU/h, tons of refrigeration, and watts for HVAC cooling systems. Calculate air conditioning capacity, refrigeration tonnage, and thermal power conversions for equipment sizing and energy analysis with accurate cooling load calculations

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Calorimetry CalculatorPopular

Calculate heat transfer, temperature changes, and energy exchange in thermal systems. Analyze calorimetry problems, phase transitions, coffee-cup calorimeter reactions, and determine specific heat capacities with comprehensive thermal analysis tools

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Carnot Efficiency CalculatorPopular

Calculate maximum theoretical efficiency of heat engines using Carnot cycle thermodynamics. Analyze reversible cycles, temperature reservoirs, and thermal efficiency limits for power plants, refrigerators, and heat pumps with comprehensive cycle analysis

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Charles' Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate gas volume and temperature relationships using Charles' Law for isobaric processes. Analyze volume-temperature proportionality, thermal expansion, and gas behavior with comprehensive thermodynamic calculations for ideal gases

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Coefficient of Performance CalculatorPopular

Calculate coefficient of performance (COP) for refrigerators and heat pumps using actual heat values or Carnot cycle analysis. Determine energy efficiency, thermodynamic performance, and system effectiveness for HVAC applications with comprehensive thermal analysis

Combined Gas Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate gas properties using combined gas law

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Compressibility Factor CalculatorPopular

Calculate compressibility factor (Z) to determine deviation of real gases from ideal gas behavior. Analyze pressure-volume-temperature relationships, intermolecular forces, and gas non-ideality with comprehensive thermodynamic analysis tools

Effectiveness-NTU CalculatorPopular

Analyze heat exchanger performance using effectiveness-NTU method. Calculate thermal effectiveness, design requirements, and outlet temperatures for parallel flow, counter flow, shell-and-tube, and cross flow configurations with comprehensive thermal engineering analysis

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Efficiency CalculatorPopular

Calculate energy efficiency for machines, engines, motors, and systems. Analyze energy input, output, conversion ratios, and performance metrics with comprehensive physics calculations for mechanical, thermal, and electrical efficiency analysis

Enthalpy CalculatorPopular

Calculate enthalpy changes for chemical reactions and thermodynamic processes using ΔH = ΔU + pΔV formula or standard enthalpies of formation. Analyze endothermic and exothermic reactions, heat content, and energy transfer in chemical systems

Evaporation Rate CalculatorPopular

Calculate water evaporation rates for pools, ponds, and water bodies using surface area, wind speed, temperature, and humidity. Essential for pool management, irrigation planning, and water conservation with accurate physics-based calculations

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Gas Density CalculatorPopular

Calculate gas density using ideal gas law with pressure, temperature, and molar mass

Gay-Lussac's Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate pressure-temperature relationships in ideal gases at constant volume using Gay-Lussac's law formula p₁/T₁ = p₂/T₂. Analyze isochoric processes, pressure cooking, tire pressure, and thermodynamic systems with comprehensive gas law calculations

Heat Capacity CalculatorPopular

Calculate heat capacity using S = c × m formula, analyze thermal energy transfer, and determine temperature changes. Includes comprehensive specific heat database for materials and multiple calculation modes for thermal analysis and calorimetry applications

Heat Transfer CalculatorPopular

Calculate heat transfer through conduction, convection, and radiation using comprehensive physics formulas. Features thermal conductivity database, emissivity values, Stefan-Boltzmann radiation calculations, and detailed analysis for all three heat transfer modes with extensive unit support for thermal engineering applications

Heat Transfer Coefficient CalculatorPopular

Calculate overall heat transfer coefficient (U-value) and thermal resistance for multi-layer structures with conduction and convection

Ideal Gas Density CalculatorPopular

Calculate gas density using ideal gas law with pressure, temperature, molar mass, and specific gas constant

Ideal Gas Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate pressure, volume, moles, or temperature using the ideal gas law equation PV=nRT. Supports multiple units, includes gas law relationships (Boyle's, Charles's, Gay-Lussac's), and provides comprehensive physics education with step-by-step examples for thermodynamics calculations.

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Ideal Gas Pressure CalculatorPopular

Calculate gas pressure using the ideal gas law (PV=nRT) with temperature, volume, and moles

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Ideal Gas Temperature CalculatorPopular

Calculate gas temperature using the ideal gas law (T=PV/nR) with pressure, volume, and moles

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Ideal Gas Volume CalculatorPopular

Calculate gas volume using the ideal gas law (V=nRT/P) with pressure, temperature, and moles

Joule Heating CalculatorPopular

Calculate heat generated by electrical current using Joule's first law (Q = I²Rt). Supports multiple calculation methods including current-resistance, voltage-resistance, and power-based calculations. Essential for electrical safety, circuit analysis, and thermal management in electronic devices.

Latent Heat CalculatorPopular

Calculate latent heat of fusion and vaporization

Mean Free Path CalculatorPopular

Calculate the average distance traveled by gas molecules between collisions using kinetic theory

Mixed Air CalculatorPopular

Calculate mixed air properties for HVAC systems combining outside and return air streams

Mixed Air Temperature CalculatorPopular

Calculate mixed air temperature for gas composition and HVAC systems using thermal equilibrium

Newton's Law of Cooling CalculatorPopular

Calculate temperature changes over time using Newton's law of cooling formula T = T∞ + (T₀ - T∞) × e^(-kt). Analyze cooling rates, thermal equilibrium, and heat transfer with comprehensive physics calculations for forensics, HVAC, and thermal engineering applications

Sensible Heat CalculatorPopular

Calculate sensible heat transfer in heating and cooling

Specific Heat CalculatorPopular

Calculate specific heat capacity of materials

Thermal Conductivity CalculatorPopular

Calculate thermal conductivity of materials

Thermal Efficiency CalculatorPopular

Calculate thermal efficiency of heat engines

Thermal Energy CalculatorPopular

Calculate thermal energy and internal energy

Thermal Equilibrium CalculatorPopular

Calculate thermal equilibrium conditions

Thermal Expansion CalculatorPopular

Calculate thermal expansion of materials

Thermal Resistance CalculatorPopular

Calculate thermal resistance for heat transfer analysis

Water Heating CalculatorPopular

Calculate energy required to heat water

Watts to Heat CalculatorPopular

Convert electrical power to heat energy

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Biot Number Calculator

Calculate Biot number for heat transfer analysis. Determine thermal boundary layer characteristics, compare internal vs external thermal resistance, and validate lumped parameter analysis assumptions for thermal engineering applications

Biot Number Calculator

Calculate Biot number for heat transfer analysis

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Boltzmann Factor Calculator

Calculate Boltzmann factor for statistical mechanics analysis. Determine relative probabilities of energy states in thermal equilibrium, analyze quantum statistical distributions, and study temperature-dependent populations in physical systems

Boltzmann Factor Calculator

Calculate Boltzmann factor for statistical mechanics

Isentropic Flow Calculator

Calculate isentropic flow properties including Mach number, pressure ratios, temperature ratios, area ratios, and critical conditions for supersonic and subsonic flows through nozzles, diffusers, and jet engines. Essential for gas dynamics and aerospace engineering applications.

LMTD Calculator – Log Mean Temperature Difference

Calculate log mean temperature difference for heat exchangers

Nusselt Number Calculator

Calculate Nusselt number for heat transfer analysis

Particles Velocity Calculator

Calculate velocity of particles in thermal systems

Root Mean Square Speed Calculator for Ideal Gas

Calculate RMS speed, kinetic energy, and molecular velocities for ideal gases using kinetic theory

Root Mean Square Velocity Calculator

Calculate RMS velocity of gas molecules

Specific Gas Constant Calculator

Calculate specific gas constant for different gases

Thermal Diffusivity Calculator

Calculate thermal diffusivity for heat transfer analysis

Van der Waals Equation Calculator

Calculate real gas properties using Van der Waals equation

👩‍🔬Everyday Physics and Experiments Calculators9 tools

Buoyancy Experiment CalculatorPopular

Calculate buoyancy forces for educational experiments

Flat vs. Round Earth CalculatorPopular

Compare predictions of flat vs. round Earth models

Immersed Weight CalculatorPopular

Calculate apparent weight of immersed objects

Mass Moment of Inertia CalculatorPopular

Calculate moment of inertia for various shapes

Projectile Motion Experiment CalculatorPopular

Design and analyze projectile motion experiments

Smartphone Projector CalculatorPopular

Calculate optics for DIY smartphone projectors

Sun Angle CalculatorPopular

Calculate sun angle and solar position

Sunrise Sunset CalculatorPopular

Calculate sunrise and sunset times

Hair Diffraction Calculator

Calculate hair thickness using laser diffraction

🔬Other Calculators8 tools

Exoplanet Travel Planner CalculatorPopular

Plan hypothetical travel to exoplanets

Inverse Square Law CalculatorPopular

Calculate inverse square law relationships

Reaction Time CalculatorPopular

Calculate and analyze human reaction times

Surface Tension CalculatorPopular

Calculate surface tension forces and effects

Warp Speed CalculatorPopular

Calculate hypothetical faster-than-light travel

Attenuation Calculator

Calculate signal attenuation and loss

Blast Radius Calculator

Calculate explosion blast radius and effects

Quantum Number Calculator

Calculate quantum numbers for atomic orbitals

📊Additional Calculators6 tools

100 Amp Wire Size Calculator

Calculate wire size for 100 amp electrical circuits

12 Volt Wire Size Calculator

Determine wire gauge for 12V electrical systems

Acceleration due to Gravity Calculator

Calculate gravitational acceleration at different locations

Acceleration using Force and Mass Calculator

Calculate acceleration from force and mass values

Amp to Wire Size Calculator

Determine required wire gauge for specific amperage

Gear Ratio Speed Calculator

Calculate speed changes through gear ratios